Referencia

 

    from

A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology

http://bit.ly/abibliog

by José Ángel García Landa

(University of Zaragoza, Spain)

 

 

Reference

 

 

Albaladejo, Tomás. "Texto y ámbito referencial: El componente de constitución de modelo de mundo." Dianium (1986).

Altieri, Charles. "Presence and Reference in a Literary Text: The Example of Williams' 'This Is Just to Say'." Critical Inquiry 5 (1979): 489-510.

Basave Fernández del Valle, A. "Lenguaje, pensamiento y realidad." In Lenguaje y Filosofía: Ponencias y comunicaciones (Novena Semana Española de Filosofía). Madrid: CSIC – Instituto Luis Vives, de Filosofía, 1969. 197-208.* (Religious).

Blanco, José Luis. "Lenguaje, pensamiento y realidad." In Lenguaje y Filosofía: Ponencias y comunicaciones (Novena Semana Española de Filosofía). Madrid: CSIC – Instituto Luis Vives, de Filosofía, 1969. 209-12.*

Bruña Cuevas, Manuel. "La ley de Leibniz se cumple siempre: sobre transparencia y opacidad referencial." Epos 11 (1995): 263-88.*

Bühler, Karl. Sprachtheorie: Die Darstellungsfunktionen der Sprache. Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1934.

_____. Teoría del lenguaje. Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1950. 1967.*

_____. Teoría del lenguaje. Madrid: Alianza, 1979.

Bunge, Mario. Tratado de filosofía. Vol. I, Semántica 1: Sentido y referencia. Barcelona: Editorial Gedisa, 2008.

Casas, Maria. "A Rose Is a Rose Is a Hero Is a Horse: Naming and Referentiality in the Poetry of Robert Kroetsch and Gertrude Stein." Language and Literature 13.2 (2004): 119-37.*

Chapman, Siobhan. "Words and Things." In Chapman, Philosophy for Linguists: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 2000. 8-40.* (reference, names, meaning, use and mention)

Clark, H., and C. Marshall. "Definite Reference and Mutual Knowledge." In Elements of Discourse Understanding. Ed. A. Joshi, B. Webber and I. Sag. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1981.

Dekker, Paul. "Existential Disclosure." Linguistics and Philosophy 16 (1993): 561-87. In Semantics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Ed. Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach. Volume VI: Discourse and Dynamics. London: Routledge, 2003.

Dolezel, Lubomír. Heterocosmica: Fiction and Possible Worlds. (Parallax: Re-Visions of Culture and Society). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998.* (Kafka, fictionality, action, narrative levels, reference, reading narrative, context, intention, literary pragmatics).

Donnellan, Keith S. "Reference and Definite Descriptions." Philosophical Review 75 (1966): 281-304.

Ducrot, Oswald. Dire et ne pas dire: Principes de sémantique linguistique. Paris: Hermann, 1972.* (8. Descriptions définies et présupposés existentiels).

Dummett, Michael. "Frege: Sense and Reference." In Philosophy Through Its Past. Ed. Ted Honderich. New York: Penguin, 1984.

Eakin, Paul John. Touching the World: Reference in Autobiography.

Eco, Umberto. Kant e l'ornitorinco. Milan, 1997.

_____. Kant y el ornitorrinco. Trans. Helena Lozano Miralles. (Palabra en el Tiempo, 265). Barcelona: Lumen, 1999.*

Fernández Moreno, Luis. "Sentido / Referencia." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 543-47.*

Finer, D. "The Syntax of Switch Reference." Linguistic Inquiry 16 (1985): 35-36.

Fauconnier, G., and E. Sweetser, eds. Spaces, Worlds, And Grammar. Chicago: U Of Chicago P.

Fortescue, Michael, Peter Harder and Lars Kristoffersen, eds. Layered Structure and Reference in a Functional Perspective: Papers from the Functional Grammar Conference, Copenhaguen, 1990. (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series, 23). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1992.

Fowler, Roger. "The Referential Code and Narrative Authority." In Fowler, Literature as Discourse: The Practice of Linguistic Criticism. London: Batsford, 1981. 96-128.

Frege, Gottlob. "Über Sinn und Bedeutung." Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik n.s. 100 (1892): 25-50.

_____. "On Sense and Reference." In Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Trans. Max Black and Peter Geach. Oxford: Blackwell, 1960.

_____. "On Sense and Meaning." In Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Ed. P. Geach and M. Black. Oxford: Blackwell, 1966.

_____. "On Sense and Meaning." In Critical Theory since 1965. Ed.. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Tallahassee: UPs of Florida / Florida State UP, 1986. 1990. 625-38.*

_____. "Sobre el sentido y la denotación." In Semántica filosófica: Problemas y discusiones. Ed. T. M. Simpson. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 1973. 3-27.

_____. "Sobre sentido y referencia." In Gottlob Frege, Estudios sobre semántica. Barcelona: Ariel, 1984.

_____. "Sobre sentido y referencia." In Frege, Escritos filosóficos. Ed. Jesús Mosterín. Barcelona: Grijalbo Mondadori-Crítica, 1996. 172-97.*

_____. "Consideraciones sobre sentido y referencia." In Frege, Escritos filosóficos. Ed. Jesús Mosterín. Barcelona: Grijalbo Mondadori-Crítica, 1996. 198-206.*

_____. "Sobre concepto y objeto." In Frege, Escritos filosóficos. Ed. Jesús Mosterín. Barcelona: Grijalbo Mondadori-Crítica, 1996. 207-22.*

Fretheim, Thorstein, and Jeanette K. Gundel, eds. Reference and Referent Accessibility. (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series, 38). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1996.

Garnham, Alan, Jane Oakhill, and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "Referential Continuity and the Coherence of Discourse." Cognition 11 (1982): 29-46.

Gellner, Ernest. Words and Things. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1968.

Groenendijk, Jeroen, Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman. "Coreference and Contextually Restricted Quantification." In Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT) 5. Ithaca (NY): CLC Publications, Cornell U, 1995. 112-29. In Semantics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Ed. Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach. Volume VI: Discourse and Dynamics. London: Routledge, 2003.

Geach, P. "Pronominal Reference: Relative Pronouns." In Reference and Generality. Ithaca (NY): Cornell UP, 1962. 108-32. In Semantics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Ed. Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach. Volume VI: Discourse and Dynamics. London: Routledge, 2003.

_____. Reference and Generality. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1972.

_____. Mental Acts: Their Content and Objects. London: Routledge, n. d.

Hacking, Ian. "6. Reference." In Hacking, Representing and Intervening: Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1983. 75-92.*

Haiman, J., and P. Munro. Switch-Reference and Universal Grammar. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1983.

Haller, R., ed. Meinong and the Theory of Objects. (Grazer Philosophische Studien, 50). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996.

Harris, Roy, and Talbot J. Taylor. "Frege on Sense and Reference." In Harris and Taylor, Landmarks in Linguistic Thought I: The Western Tradition from Socrates to Saussure. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1997. 196-208.*

Harshaw, B. "Fictionality and Fields of Reference: Remarks on a Theoretical Framework." Poetics Today 5.2 (1984): 227-51.

Heintz, J. "Reference and Inference in Fiction." Poetics 8 (1979): 85-99.

Janik, Christina. "Koreferenz in russischen Erzähltexten des Realismus und Modernismus." In Hodel, Lehmann, et al., Textkohärenz und Narration: Untersuchungen russischer Texte des Realismus und der Moderne. (Narratologia, 15). Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2008. 259-74.*

Kamp, Hans. "Events, Instants and Temporal Reference." In Semantics from Different Points of View. Ed. Rainer Bäuerle, Urs Egli and Arnim von Stechow. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer, 1979.

Katz, Jerrold J. Sense, Reference and Philosophy. Oxford UP, forthcoming 2002. (Posthumous).

Kehler, Andrew. Coherence, Reference, and the Theory of Grammar. (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication Lecture Notes, 104). Stanford (CA): Stanford UP, 2000.

Kieras, David. "Problems of Reference in Text Comprehension." In Cognitive Processes in Comprehension. Ed. Marcel Adam Just and Patricia A. Carpenter. Hillsdale (NY): Erlbaum, 1977. 249-70.*

Lampert, Jay. Synthesis and Backward Reference in Husserl's Logical Investigations. (Phaenomenologica, 131). Kluwer, 1995. Pbk. rpt. Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht. Amazon Kindle Edition, 2013.

         https://www.amazon.com/Synthesis-Backward-Reference-Investigations-Phaenomenologica/dp/0792331052

         2016

Langacker, Ronald W. "Reference-point Constructions." Cognitive Linguistics 4.1 (1993): 1-38.

Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. "Referenz, Wahrheit, Satzbedeutung. Bemerkungen zu Michael Grabski: 'Semantik der Modalverben für einen Idiolekt des Deutschen'." In Arbeiten zur Wortsemantik. Mit einer Bibliographie zur Koordination. (Linguistische Arbeiten und Berichte [LAB] Berlin (West) 14). Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Germanistik, 1980. 156-181.

_____. "Questions of Reference in Written Narratives." Poetics 10 (1981): 541-559.

_____. "Zagadnienia oznaczania w narracjach pisanych." In Znaczenie i Prawda: Rozprawy semiotyczne. Ed. Jerzy Pelc. (Biblioteka Mysli Semiotycznej 26).Warszawa, 1993. 431-449. [Polish translation of "Questions of Reference in Written Narratives"].

"Linguistic Frame of Reference." In Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia

         http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_frame_of_reference

         2009

Linhares-Dias, Rui. How to Show Things with Words: A Study on Logic, Language and Literature. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2006.

López Eire, Antonio. "La función referente según Aristóteles." In López Eire, Orígenes de la poética. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1980. 33-38.*

Lorés, R. "The Referential Function of Metadiscourse: Thing(s) and Idea(s) in Academic Lectures." In Corpus Linguistics: Applications for the Study of English. Ed. A. Hornero, M. J. Luzón and S. Murillo. (Linguistics Insights). Bern: Peter Lang, 2006. 315-333.

Lyons, John. "9. Semantics: General Principles." In Lyons, Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1968. 400-42.* (Introductory – Traditional Semantics – 'Meaningfulness' – Reference and Sense – 'Lexical' and 'Grammatical' Meaning).

Lyotard, Jean-François. Le Différend. Paris: Minuit, 1983.

_____. The Differend: Phrases in Dispute. Trans. Georges Van Den Abbeele. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P; Manchester: Manchester UP, 1988.*

Martín Arista, Javier, and Ana Ibáñez Moreno. "Deixis, Reference, and the Functional Definition of Lexical Categories." Atlantis 26.2 (Dec. 2004): 63-74.*

Martínez, Mª Ángeles. "-Ing Supplementive Clauses and Narrative Discourse Referents." In A New Approach to Literature: Corpus linguistics. Ed. Irina Keshabyan and Ángela Almela. Monograph issue of International Journal of English Studies 12.2 (2012): 73-91.*

Martinich, A. P., and Avrum Stroll. Much Ado about Nonexistence: Fiction and Reference. Lanham (MD): Rowman and Littlefield, 2007. (Grice, Russell, Putnam).

Marty, Anton. "Über subjektlose Sätze und das Verhältnis der Grammatik zur Logik und Philosophie, III: Von gewissen Unterschieden der sprachlichen Ausdrücke und speziell der Aussagen, die nicht den durch sie bezeichneten Gedanken betreffen ('innere Sprachform' und deren Wirkungen)."  Vierteljahrsschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie 8 (1884): 292-340.

_____. "Über subjektlose Sätze und das Verhältnis der Grammatik zur Logik und Philosophie, III: Von gewissen Unterschieden der sprachlichen Ausdrücke und speziell der Aussagen, die nicht den durch sie bezeichneten Gedanken betreffen ('innere Sprachform' und deren Wirkungen)." In Marty, Gesammelte Schriften, II.1, 62-101.

Michaels, Walter Benn. "Saving the Text: Reference and Belief." Modern Language Notes 93 (1978): 771-93.*

Mukarovsky, Jan. "Poetic Reference." Trans. S. Janecek. (Trans. of "Dénomination poétique..."). In Semiotics of Art: Prague School Contributions. Ed. Ladislav Matejka and Irwin R. Titunik. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press, 1976. 156-63.

Palek, Bohumil. "Reference and Text." In Grammars and Descriptions. Ed. Teun A. van Dijk and Janos S. Petöfi. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1977. 359-94.*

Quine, W. v. O. (Willard van Orman). Word and Object. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press, 1960.*

_____. Palabra y objeto. Barcelona: Labor, 1968.

_____. Palabra y objeto. Barcelona: Labor, 1968.

_____. Las raíces de la referencia. Madrid: Cátedra, 1988.

Rabinowitz, Peter. "The Rhetoric of Reference; or, Shostakovich's 'Ghost Quartet'." Narrative 15 (2007): 239-256.

Riffaterre, Michel. "L'illusion réferentielle." In Littérature et réalité. By Roland Barthes et al. Ed. T. Todorov and G. Genette. (Points; Essais, 142). Paris: Seuil, 1982. 91-118.*

Roberts, L. D. How Reference Works. SUNY Press, 1993.

Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco José. "Constructive and Identifying Reference: On the Pragmatics of Predication Formation in Functional Grammar." In Drunk with Words: Perspectives on the English Lexicon. Ed. María Pilar Navarro and Javier Martín. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza, 1993. 105-20.

Russell, Bertrand. "On Denoting." Mind 14 (1905): 479-93.

_____. "De la dénotation." L’Age de la science 3.3 (1970): 171-185.

Scarry, Elaine. "Nouns: The Realm of Things. Six Ways to Kill a Blackbird (or Any Other Intentional Object) in Samuel Beckett." In Scarry, Resisting Representation. New York: Oxford UP, 1994. 91-100.*

Schiffrin, Deborah. "Sociolinguistic Approaches to Discourse: Topic and Reference in Narrative." In Linguistic Change and Contact. Ed. Kathleen Ferrara, Becky Brown, Keith Walters, and John Baugh. Austin: U of Texas P, 1988. 1-17.

Schleifer, Ronald. "The Anxiety of Allegory: de Man, Greimas, and the Problem of Referentiality." Genre 17 (1984): 215-37.

Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven (CT): Yale UP, 1985. (Teaching lit., reference and difference, Derrida, Saussure, Fish, interpretive communities).

Searle, John R. "Referential and Attributive." Monist (1979). Special issue on Reference and Truth.

_____. "Referential and Attributive." In Searle, Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1979. 1985. 137-61.*

Simons, Peter. "Meinong's Theory of Sense and Reference." In Meinong and the Theory of Objects. Ed. R. Haller. (Grazer Philosophische Studien, 50). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996. 171-186.

Strawson, P. F. "On Referring." Mind 59 (July 1950): 320-44.

Twardowski, Kasimir. Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen: Eine Psychologische Untersuchungen. 1894. Munich and Vienna: Philosophia Verlag, 1977.

_____. On the Content and Object of Presentations. Trans. R. Grossmann. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1977.

Urban, Wilbur M. Language and Reality. New York: Macmillan, 1939.

Yule, George. "Reference and Inference." In Yule, Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996. 17-24.*

Ziff, Paul. "About Reference." Studies in Language  3 (1979): 305-311.

 

 

 

 

Journals

 

 

 

Reference & Research Book News (Nov. 2008).

 

 

 

 

 

See also Meaning; Denotation; Signs.

Lógica: Otros temas

 

    from

A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology

http://bit.ly/abibliog

by José Ángel García Landa

(University of Zaragoza, Spain)

 

 

Logic: Other topics

 

 

            A contrario

            A priori

            Abduction

            Absurdum, reductio ad

            Adequacy

            Algorithms

            Analogies. See Semiotics. Other semiotic categories.

            Antilogism

            Aporias. See Genres. Other genres. Philosophy. Specific. Aporias.

            Assumptions. See Presuppositions.

            Axioms

            Calculations

            Categories

            Certainty

            Circularity

            Clarity

            Completeness

            Conditionals. See Linguistics. Specific. Conditionals.

            Confusion.

            Constants (logical)

            Counterfactuals. See Semiotics. Other semiotic categories.

            De dicto / de re

            Decidibility

            Deductions

            Definitions

            Demonstrations

            Deontic logic             

            Derivation

            Diagonal (argumentation)

            Distinctiveness

            Eristics

            Fallacies. See Motifs. F motifs. Fallacies.

            Formal logic / Logical form

            Fuzzy logic

            Hypotheses

            Indiscernibility

            Justifications

            Material (implication, etc.).

            Modal logic

            Modus ponens / Modus tollens

            Oppositions

            Obscurity

            Paralogisms

            Parts/Wholes

            Postulates

            Premises

            Probability

            Principles

            Properties

            Proof

            Propositions

            Qualifiers

            Questions

            Refutations

            Rigour

            Sameness

            Sophisms

            Sorites

            Supervenience (logical)

            Tautologies

            Truisms

            Universality. See Motifs. U motifs. Universals. Philosophical.

            Validity

            Variables

            Verification

        

 

 

 

A contrario

 

Vega, Luis. "A contrario." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 15-16.*

 

 

 

A priori

 

Crews, Frederick. "Apriorism for Empiricists." Style 42 (2008): 155-60.

Hopper, Paul. "Emergent Grammar and the A Priori Grammar Postulate." In Linguistics in Context. Ed. Deborah Tannen. Norwood (NJ): Ablex, 1988. 117-34.

Kant, Immanuel. Kritik der Reinen Vernunft. 1781.

_____. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Ed. T. Valentiner. Leipzig: Meiner, 1913.

_____. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Ed. Raymund Schmict. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1976.

_____. Critique of Pure Reason. New York: St. Martin's, 1929.

_____. Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Norman Kemp Smith. London, 1950.

_____. Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Norman Kemp Smith. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965.

_____. Critique of Pure Reason. Electronic edition. 18th-century Studies Group, CMU. http://eserver.org/18th/

_____. Critique de la raison pure. Ed. and trans. A. Tremesaygues and B. Pacaud. Introd. Ch. Serrus. Paris: Quadrigue-PUF, 1986.

Ricœur, Paul. "La notion d'a priori selon Mikel Dufrenne." 1961. In Ricœur, Lectures 2: La contrée des philosophes. Paris: Seuil, 1992. 325-34.*

Schopenhauer, Arthur. II.1.1. "Complementos al libro primero (1) La doctrina de la  representación intuitiva." In Schopenhauer, El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación (Volumen Segundo). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 11-68.* (Idealism; Epistemology; Understanding, Senses, a priori knowledge).

_____. II.1.1.4. "Del conocimiento a priori." In Schopenhauer, El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación (Volumen Segundo). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 43-68.*

 

 

 

Abduction

 

Aliseda, Atocha. "Abducción." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 17-22.*

Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.

_____. El signo de los tres. (Palabra en el Tiempo, 184). Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.

Herrero, A. Semiótica y creatividad: La lógica abductiva. 1988.

Peirce, C. S. "Pragmatism as the Logic of Abduction." (Harvard Lectures on Pragmatism, 1903). In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 2 (1893-1913). Ed. Nathan Houser et al. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1998. 226-41.*

 

 

Absurdum, reductio ad

 

 

Donato, Xavier de. "Absurdo, reducción al." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 22-24. 24-27.*

 

 

 

 

Adequacy

 

Locke, John. "II.XXXI. Of Adequate and Inadequate Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

 

 

 

 

Algorithms

 

Adelard of Bath. Algoritmi de numero indorum. 1130.

Essinger, J. Ada’s Algorithm: How Lord Byron’s Daughter Ada Lovelace Launched the Digital Age. Brooklyn-London: Melville House, 2014.

Golden, C. Douglas. "Elon Musk Begins 'Digging In' on Popular Twitter Account's Shadow Ban and Something Quickly Becomes Apparent." The Western Journal 29 Oct. 2022.*

https://www.westernjournal.com/elon-musk-begins-digging-popular-twitter-accounts-shadow-ban-something-quickly-becomes-apparent/

         2022

Gracia, Jorge. "Los algoritmos que elegirán al próximo presidente del gobierno." The Conversation 18 Jan. 2023.*

         https://theconversation.com/los-algoritmos-que-elegiran-al-proximo-presidente-del-gobierno-194182

2023

MacKay, David J. C. Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.

Richards, Blake. "Yes, the Brain Is a Computer. No, It's Not a Metaphor." Medium (The Spike) 1 Oct. 2018.*

         https://medium.com/the-spike/yes-the-brain-is-a-computer-11f630cad736

         2020

Santos, Alejandro. "El primer cuadro creado por un algoritmo que se subasta, vendido por 379.000 euros." Heraldo de Aragón 27 Oct. 2018: 57.*

         http://prensa.unizar.es/noticias/1810/181029_z0_cuadro.pdf

         2018

Torra, Vicenç. Del àbaco a la revolución digital: Algoritmos y computación. (El mundo es matemático). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2010.*

Úbeda, José Pedro. "Algoritmo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 38-45.*

Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. 2002.

         http://www.wolframscience.com/

         2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Internet resources

 

 

"Evolutionary Algorithm." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.*

         https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm

         2016

 

 

 

Video

 

 

Lukacs, Miklos, and Juan Ángel Soto. "El Gran Reinicio y sus Implicaciones (1)." Video. YouTube (Fundación Civismo) 30 Nov. 2020.* (Information, Globalism, Capitalism, Control, Artificial intelligence, Algorithms, China).

https://youtu.be/PEkG3MlaS0o

         2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

See also Computation.

 

 

 

Antilogism

 

Vega, Luis de. "Antilogismo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 50.*

 

 

 

Antinomies and philosophical problems

 

Kant, Immanuel. Kritik der Urteilskraft. 1790. (Beauty, Taste, Perfection, Emotion, Agreeable, Pleasure, Judgment, Universality, Sublimity, Satisfaction, Nature, Aesthetics, Objectivity, Sensations, Common sense, Art, Genius, Teleology, Antinomies, Understanding, Universe, Theology, God)

_____. Kritik der Urtheilskraft. In Kantswerke, Akademie-Textausgabe, V.

_____. Kritik der Urteilskraft. Stuttgart, 1924.

_____. Kritik der Urteilskraft. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1974.

_____. Kritik der Urteilskraft. In Werkausgabe vol. 10. Ed. Wilhelm Weischedel. Frankfurt a/M, 1979.

_____. Critique of Judgment. Trans. J. H. Bernard. 2nd. ed. London, 1914. 1931.

_____. Critique of Judgment. Trans. J. H. Bernard. New York: Hafner, 1951. 1966.

_____. Critique of Judgment. Trans. Werner S. Pluhar. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1987.

_____. Critique of Judgment. Excerpt. In Deconstruction in Context. Ed. Mark C. Taylor. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986. 35-66.*

_____. The Critique of Judgement. Trans. James Creed Meredith. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.

_____. Critique of the Power of Judgment. Trans. and ed. Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge UP, 2000.

_____. Crítica del Juicio. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1984.*

Plutarch. Symposiaca Problemata.

Sagüillo, José Miguel. "Antinomia." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 50-54.*

 

 

 

 

Axioms

 

Aristotle Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*

_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.

Martínez Vidal, Concha. "Axioma / Axiomatización. " In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 79-82.*

 

 

 

Calculations

 

Alonso, Enrique. "Cálculo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 89-90.*

Glimp, David, and Michelle R. Warren, eds. Art of Calculation: Numerical Thought in Early Modern Europe. (Early Modern Cultural Studies). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Hacking, Ian. "12. Speculation, Calculation, Models, Approximations." In Hacking, Representing and Intervening: Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1983. 210-19.*

 

 

 

Video

 

Fridman, Lex. "Judea Pearl: Causal Reasoning, Counterfactuals, and the Path to AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #56." Video interview. YouTube (Lex Fridman) 11 Dec. 2019.* (Mathematics, Models, Correlation, Experiments, Science, Data, Abstraction, Artificial intelligence; Calculation; Free will, Consciousness; Indoctrination; Religion; Daniel Pearl; Terrorism, Evil).

https://youtu.be/pEBI0vF45ic

         2022

 

Pearl, Judea. "Keynote: Judea Pearl - The New Science of Cause and Effect." Video lecture. YouTube (PyData) 29 Nov. 2018.* (Data, Counterfactuals, Fiction, Causality, Calculation, Models, Reality, Science).

https://youtu.be/ZaPV1OSEpHw

         2022

 

 

See also Computation; Calculus; Arithmetic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Categories

 

Aristotle. (Aristóteles). Categorías. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 27-68.* (Semantics, concepts).

Bower, G. H., M. C. Clark, A. M. Lesgold, and D. Winzenz. "Hierarchical Retrieval Schemes in Recall of Categorized Word Lists."  Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 8 (1969): 323-43.

Bueno, Gustavo. Teoría del cierre categorial.

Harnad, Stevan, ed. Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition. New York: Cambridge UP, 1987.

Heidegger, Martin. "Die Kategorien- und Bedeutungslehre des D. Scotus." In Heidegger, Frühe Schriften. Vol. 1 of Gesamtausgabe. Frankfurt: Klostermann, 1978.

Lakoff, George. Categories: An Essay in Cognitive Linguistics. Trier: LAUT, 1982.

_____. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.

López Rúa, Paula. Birds, Colours and Prepositions: The Theory of Categorization and its Applications in Linguistics. (LINCOM Studies in Theoretical Linguistics, Vol. 33). Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, 2003.

Martin, Alex, Chari L. Wiggs, Leslie G. Ungerleider and James V. Haxby. "Neural Correlates of Category-Specific Knowledge." Nature 379 (1996): 649-52.

Nepomuceno, Ángel. "Categoremático / Sincategoremático." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 90-91.*

Peirce, C. S. "On a New List of Categories." 1867. In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Vol. 1 (1867-1893). Ed. Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992. 1-10.

_____. "The Categories Defended." (Harvard Lectures on Pragmatism, 1903). In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 2 (1893-1913). Ed. Nathan Houser et al. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1998. 160-78.*

Rosch, E. "Human Categorization." In Advances in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Ed. N. Warren. Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.

_____. "Principles of Categorization." In Cognition and Categorization, ed. E. Rosch and B. Lloyd. Hillsdale (NJ): L.E.A, 1978.

Rosch, E., and B. Lloyd, ed. Cognition and Categorization, ed. E. Rosch and B. Lloyd. Hillsdale (NJ): L.E.A, 1978.

Rosch, E., and C. B. Mervis. "Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories." Cognitive Psychology 7 1(1975): 573-605.

Taylor, John R. Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes In Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.

Wallace, Stephen. "Figure and Ground: The Interrelationships of Linguistic Categories." In Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics and Pragmatics. Ed. Paul J. Hopper. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1982. 201-23.*

 

 

 

Video

 

 

Bueno, Gustavo. "Cierre categorial." YouTube (fgbuenotv) 4 March 2010.*

         https://youtu.be/7mx3pTIoXnU

         2015

 

 

 

 

Certainty

 

Arjomandi, Arash. El principio de certidumbre: La lógica de la libertad. Almuzara, c. 2024.

Herbert of Cherbury, Edward. De Veritate, Prout distinguitur a Revelatione, a Verisimili, a Possibili, et a Falso. Paris, 1624. 2nd ed. 1633. (Deism).

_____. De Veritate. Trans. M. H. Carré. Bristol: Arrowsmith, 1937.

Kline, Morris. Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1980.

Locke, John. "IV.II. Of the Degrees of Our Knowledge." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

_____. "IV.VI. Of Universal Propositions, their Truth and Certainty." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

Marqués Aguado, Teresa. "A Lexical Analysis of Modal Expressions of Certainty in Scientific Discourse." In Proceedings from the 31st AEDEAN Conference. Ed. M. J. Lorenzo Modia et al. CD-ROM: A Coruña: Universidade da Coruña, 2008. 373-86.*

Morson, Gary Saul. Narrative and Freedom: The Shadows of Time. New Haven: Yale UP, 1994.*

Voltaire. "Cierto, Certeza." From Diccionario Filosófico. In Voltaire, Cartas filosóficas. Diccionario filosófico. Memorias para servir a la vida de Voltaire escritas por él mismo. Prologue by Fernando Savater. Introd. Martí Domínguez. (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Voltaire, I). Madrid: Gredos, 2010. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA, 2014. 211-13.*

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Über Gewissheit.

_____. On Certainty. Oxford: Blackwell, 1969.

_____. Sobre la certeza. Trans. Josep Lluís Prades and Vicent Raga. Barcelona: Gedisa.

_____. Sobre la certeza. Trans. Josep Lluís Prades and Vicent Raga. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Sobre la certeza. (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Ludwig Wittgenstein, I). Introd. Isidoro Reguera. Madrid: Gredos, 2009. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 155-347.*

Young, J. Z. Doubt and Certainty in Science. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1961.

 

 

 

 

Literature

 

 

Lope de Vega. Lo cierto por lo dudoso. In Comedias escogidas de Frey Lope Félix de Vega Carpio, juntas en colección y ordenadas por Don Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch. Tomo primero. Madrid: Rivadeneyra, 1853. 455-73.*

 

 

 

 

See also Uncertainty; Truth; Knowledge; Hedges; Beliefs.

 

 

 

 

 

Circularity

 

Bermejo, Lilian. "Circularidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 94-96.*

 

 

 

 

Clarity

 

Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

 

 

 

 

Completeness

 

Kripke, S. A. "A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic." Journal of Symbolic Logic 24.1 (1959): 1-14.

Rayo, Agustín. "Completud." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 100-103.*

 

 

 

 

Conclusions

 

 

 

Premises

 

Ausín, Txetxu, and Lorenzo Peña. "Premisa / Conclusión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 479-81.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Confusion

 

Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

 

 

 

Video

 

Dennett, Daniel. "The Evolution of Confusion." Video lecture. YouTube (Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science) 30 Oct. 2009.* (On belief and atheist priests).      

         http://youtu.be/D_9w8JougLQ

         2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constants (logical)

 

Gómez-Torrente, Mario. "Constante lógica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 139-34.*

 

 

 

 

De dicto / De re

 

Vega, Luis. "De dicto / de re." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 165-67.*

 

 

 

Decidability

 

Alonso, Enrique. "Decidibilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 167-68.*

 

 

 

 

Deductions

 

Corcoran, John. "Deducción / Deducibilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 168-70.*

Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.

_____. El signo de los tres. (Palabra en el Tiempo, 184). Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.

Konnikova, Maria. Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes. Viking, 2013.

Lefebvre, Henri. Logique formelle, logique dialectique. 2nd ed. Paris: Anthropos, 1969.

_____. Lógica formal / Lógica dialéctica. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1970. 5th ed. 1975.* (Logic, truth, method, dialectics, knowledge, materialism, metaphysics, idealism, deduction, identity, concepts, judgement, reason, causality, essence, appearance, ideas).

Ortega y Gasset, José. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva. (Obras Inéditas). Madrid: Revista de Occidente.

_____. La idea de principio en Leibniz. In Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10). vol. 9.

_____. "La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (selección)." From Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10) vol. ix. In Ortega, Pidiendo un Goethe desde dentro. En torno a Galileo. Historia como sistema. Ideas y creencias. Prólogo a Historia de la filosofía, de Émile Bréhier. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (Selección). (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Ortega y Gasset, II). Madrid: Gredos, 2012. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 383-441.*

Sperber, Dan, and Deirdre Wilson. "Inference." In Sperber and Wilson,  Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. 65-117.* (Inference, propositions, deduction, context).

Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "8. El componente deductivo." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 121-34.*

 

 

 

 

Default

 

Sobrino, Alejandro. "Defecto, lógicas por." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 170-74.*

 

 

 

Definitions

 

Aristotle. (Aristóteles). Tópicos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 69-236.* (Dialectics, meaning, definitions, identity, argumentation).

_____. Tópicos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 67-234.* (Dialectics, Propositions, Predication, Accidents, Contraries, Similarities, Genera, Proper, Definition, Identity, Argumentation).

_____. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Effects).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*

_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.

Ball, D. "La définition ironique." Revue de littérature comparée 199.3 (1976): 213-36.

Battaner, Paz "Dos casos de definiciones morfológicas en los diccionarios." In Palabras, Norma, Discurso: En memoria de Fernando Lázaro Carreter. Ed. Luis Santos Río et al. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2005. 125-35.*

Calvo Pérez, Julio. "La definición latina en el Tesoro de S. de Covarrubias." In Miscel-lània homenatge Enrique García Díez. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia / Consellería de Cultura, Educació i Ciència de la Generalitat Valenciana, 1991. 299-312.

Creeley, Robert. "To Define." In Strong Words: Modern Poets on Modern Poetry. Ed. W. N. Herbert and Matthew Hollis. Tarset (Northumberland): Bloodaxe Books, 2000. 100-101.*

Gallie, W. B. "Essentially Contested Concepts." Ch. 8 of Gallie, Philosophy and the Historical Understanding. London, 1964.

Harris, Roy, and Christopher Hutton. Definition in Theory and Practice: Language, Lexicography and the Law.

Ingold, Tim, ed. What is an Animal? London: Routledge, 1988.

Kwary, Deny Arnos. "Towards a Typology of Definition for Dictionaries." Journal of English Studies 9 (2011): 55-73.*

López Eire, Antonio. "La 'definición' aristotélica y la función metalingüística." In López Eire, Orígenes de la poética. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1980. 39-42.*

_____. "La metáfora y la 'definición' según Aristóteles." In López Eire, Orígenes de la poética. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1980. 55-66.*

Luzón Marco, María José. "A Functional Analysis of Definitions in English Scientific Discourse: Lexical Realization of Processes." In Current Issues in Genre Theory. Ed. Ignacio Vázquez and Ana Hornero. Zaragoza: Mira, 1996. 181-200.*

Magariños de Morentín, Juan A. "Manual operativo para la elaboración de 'definiciones contextuales' y 'redes contrastantes'." Signa 7 (1998): 233-53.*

Said, Edward W. "El choque de definiciones: Sobre Samuel Huntington." In Said, Reflexiones sobre el exilio: Ensayos literarios y culturales. Madrid: Debate, 2005. 533-58.*

Snow, C. "The Development of Definitional Skill." Journal of Child Language 17 (1990): 697-711.

Snow, C. , H. Cancino, J. De Temple and S. Schley. "Giving Definitions: A Linguistic or Metalinguistic Skill?" In Language Processing in Bilingual Children. Ed. E. Bialystok. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. 90-113.

Toolan, Michael. "Legal definitions". Review on Definition in Theory and Practice: Language, Lexicography and the Law, by Roy Harris and Christopher Hutton, and Language and the Law, by Sanford Schane. Language and Communication (2009). vol 29, 182-192.

Vega, Luis. "Definición." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 174-77.*

 

 

 

Internet resources

 

 

Definiciones

         http://www.definicionde.com/

         2010

 

Word IQ

         http://www.wordiq.com/

         2012

 

 

 

 

Literature

 

 

Chekhov, Anton (Antón P. Chéjov). "Mis definiciones ingeniosas y mis dichos." 1883. In Chéjov, Cuentos completos (1880-1885). Ed. Paul Viejo. 3rd ed. Madrid: Páginas de Espuma, 2014. 693-94.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

See also Taxonomy.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Demonstrations

 

Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Effects).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*

_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.

Fish, Stanley. "Demonstration and Persuasion: Two Models of Critical Activity." In Twentieth Century Literary Theory. Ed. Vassilis Lambropoulos and David Neal Miller. Albany: State U of New York P, 1987. 350-62.*

Vega, Luis. "Demostración." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 182-84.*

 

 

 

Internet resources

 

El manifestómetro

         http://manifestometro.blogspot.com/

         2006-02-28

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deontic logic

 

Hartmann, R. S. "Axiological Aspects of Deontic Logic." In Sprache und Erkenntnis. Ed. B. Kanitscheider. Innsbruck, 1976.

 

 

 

Derivation

 

Marraud, Huberto. "Derivación / Derivabilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 187-90.*

 

 

 

Diagonal (argumentation)

 

Úbeda, José Pedro. "Diagonal, argumento  /  Diagonalización / Método diagonal." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 192-94.*

 

 

 

 

Distinctiveness

 

Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Enthymemes

 

Dyck, E. "Topos and Enthymeme." Rhetorica 20 (2002): 105-17.

Vega, Luis. "Entimema." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 226-28.*

 

 

 

Eristics

 

González, Diony. "Erística." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 231-33.*

 

 

 

Formal logic / Logical form

 

 

Bochenski, I. M. Historia de la lógica formal. Madrid: Gredos, 1976.

Corcoran, John. "Forma lógica / Formalización." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 257-59.*

Lefebvre, Henri. Logique formelle, logique dialectique. 2nd ed. Paris: Anthropos, 1969.

_____. Lógica formal / Lógica dialéctica. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1970. 5th ed. 1975.* (Logic, truth, method, dialectics, knowledge, materialism, metaphysics, idealism, deduction, identity, concepts, judgement, reason, causality, essence, appearance, ideas).

Marraud, Huberto. "Formal, sistema." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 259-61,*

Velarde, Julián. Lógica formal. Oviedo: Pentalfa, 1982.

 

 

 

Fuzzy logic

 

Sobrino, Alejandro. "Borrosa, lógica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 83-86.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hypotheses

 

Gärdenfors, P., and M. Lombard. "Hypothesis and Theory: Causal Cognition, Force Dynamics and Early Hunting Technologies." Frontiers in Psychology  9 (2018): article 87.

Pepper, S. World Hypotheses. Berkeley: U of California P, 1942.

Vega, Luis. "Categórico / Hipotético." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 91-92.*

Wallace, William A. Causality and Scientific Explanation. 2 vols. Ann Arbor, 1974.

_____. "Galileo and Reasoning Ex Suppositione: The Methodology of the Two New Sciences." Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association (1974): 79-104.

Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "13. La contrastación de una hipótesis: El error y su corrección." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 229-40.*

_____. "14. La contrastación de una hipótesis: La explicación." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 241-54.*

_____. "15. La contrastación de una hipótesis: Prevención y estructura de error." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 255-64.*

 

 

See also Theories; Explanations; Models; Method; Presuppositions.

 

 

 

Indiscernibility

 

Frápolli, María José. "Identidad / Indiscernibilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 277-81.*

 

 

 

Induction

 

Cohen, L. J., and A. Margalit. "The Role of Inductive Reasoning in the Interpretation of Metaphor." Synthese 21 (1970): 469-87.

Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.

_____. El signo de los tres. (Palabra en el Tiempo, 184). Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.

Godó, Ágnes M. "Cross-Cultural Aspects of Academic Writing: A Study of Hungarian and North American College Students L1 Argumentative Essays." In Academic Writing: The Role of Different Rhetorical Traditions. Ed. Rafael Monroy-Casas. Monograph issue of  IJES 8.2 (2008): 65-111.* (Rhetorical structure, nucleus, satellite, hierarchical text organisation, plausibility judgment, inductive/deductive argumentation, opposing/supporting argument, listing/alternating/elaborating argument structure).

Lorenz, Konrad. "2. La inducción." In Lorenz, La Ciencia Natural del Hombre: "El Manuscrito de Rusia" 1944-1948 - Introducción al estudio comparado del comportamiento. Barcelona: Tusquets, 1993. 74-86.*

_____. "Historia del origen y metodología del estudio comparado del comportamiento." Part III of Lorenz, La Ciencia Natural del Hombre: "El Manuscrito de Rusia" 1944-1948 - Introducción al estudio comparado del comportamiento. Barcelona: Tusquets, 1993. 239-388.* (Mechanicism, Vitalism, Experiments, Induction, Whitman, Heinroth, Wallace Craig, Erich von Holst, Appetites, Instincts, Stimuli, Nervous system).

Mill, John Stuart. System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Scientific Investigation. 1843.

Peirce, C. S. "The Probability of Induction." 1878. In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Vol. 1 (1867-1893). Ed. Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992. 155-69.

Vega, Luis. "Inducción." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 294-97.*

Whewell, William. History of the Inductive Sciences: From the Earliest to the Present Times. London: J. W. Parker, 1837.

_____. The Philosophy of Inductive Sciences, Founded upon their History. London: John W. Parker; Cambridge: J. and J. J. Deighton, 1840. Online at Google Books

         http://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=Fe8TAAAAQAAJ 

         2012

_____. The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences. 1846. New York: Cass Reprints, 1956.

_____. Of Induction, with Especial Reference to Mr. J. Stuart Mill's System of Logic. 1849.

 

 

 

 

Intension/Extension

 

Abusch, Dorit. "Sequence of Tense, Intensionality and Scope." In Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL) 7 (1988): 1-14. In Semantics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Ed. Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach. Volume IV: The Semantics of Predicates and Inflection. London: Routledge, 2003.

Fernández Moreno, Luis. "Intensión / Extensión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 313-16.*

 

 

 

Justifications

 

Atienza, Manuel. "Justificación jurídica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 344-46.*

Iranzo, Valeriano. "Justificación." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 337-44.*

Nickles, Thomas. "Justification and Experiment." In The Uses of Experiment: Studies in the Natural Sciences. Ed. David Gooding, Trevor Pinch and Simon Schaffer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989. 299-333.*

 

 

See also Motives; Rationality; Explanations; Theories.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Material (Implication, Consequence, etc.).

 

Morado, Raymundo. "Implicación material / Condicional material / Consecuencia material." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 281-84.*

 

 

 

Modal logic

 

 

Pérez Otero, Manuel. "Modalidades." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 401-8.*

 

 

See also Mood; Modality.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modus ponens / Modus tollens

 

Trillas, Enric. "Modus ponens y Modus tollens." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 414-22.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Obscurity

 

Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

 

 

 

 

Oppositions

 

Aristotle. Peri hermeneias. (Writing, Speech, Truth, Verbs, Statements, Affirmation, Negation, Universality, Singularity, Plurality, Contraries, Contradictories, Opposites, Attribution, Modality).

_____. (Aristotle). On Interpretation (Peri hermeneias). Commentary by St. Thomas and Cajetan. Trans. and introd. Jean T. Oesterle. Milwaukee: Marquette UP, 1962.

_____. (Aristotle). On Interpretation. Selection. In Literary Criticism and Theory. Ed. R. C. Davis and L. Finke. London: Longman, 1989. 84-91.*

_____. (Aristóteles). Peri Hermeneias. Trans. Patricio de Azcárate. In Aristotle, Tratados de Lógica (el Organon). México: Porrúa, 1982. 49-64.*

_____. (Aristóteles). Sobre la interpretación. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 293-336.* (Language, meaning, statements).

_____. (Aristóteles). Sobre la interpretación. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 290-334.*

_____. (Aristóteles). Categorías. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 25-66.* (Homonyms, Synonyms, Predication, Being, Quantity, Relation, Quality, Activity and Passivity, Opposites, Contraries, Anteriority, Simultaneity, Movement, Having).

Cusanus, Nicholas. De docta ignorantia. 1440.

_____. (Nicolás de Cusa). La docta ignorancia. Buenos Aires: Editora Clásica, n. d.*

Vega, Luis. "Oposición, relaciones de." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 433-35.*

 

 

See also Opposites.

 

 

 

 

 

Paralogisms

 

Aristotle (Aristóteles). Sobre las refutaciones sofísticas. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 235-90.* (Argumentation, Refutation, Sophistry, Paradoxes, Errors, Paralogisms, Fallacies).

Vega, Luis. "Paralogismo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 444-45.*

 

 

 

Video

 

Bueno, Gustavo. "El reino del hombre y el hombre histórico." Lecture at Fundación Gustavo Bueno, 21 Oct. 2013. YouTube (fgbuenotv) 22 Oct. 2013.* (Taxonomy, Logic, Anthropology, Cosmos, Materialism, Relativism, History, Anthropocentrism, Disciplines).

https://youtu.be/Qsz7tdo65nA

2021

 

 

 

 

 

 

Parts / Wholes

 

Bamberg, Michael. "Actions, Events, Scenes, Plots and the Drama.: Language and the Constitution of Part-whole Relationships." Language Sciences 16 (1994): 39-79.

Husserl, Edmund. Logische Untersuchungen. 4th. ed. Halle, 1928.

_____. Investigaciones lógicas. 2 vols. Trans. Manuel G. Morente and José Gaos. Madrid: Altaya, 1995.*

Mendelsund, Peter. "La parte y el todo." In Mendelsund, Qué vemos cuando leemos. Barcelona: Planeta-Seix Barral, 2015. 395-416.*

 

 

 

Video

 

 

Alvargonzález, David. "Las ciencias como sistemas y los sistemas filosóficos." Video. Lecture at the Escuela de Filosofía de Oviedo, 24 Oct. 2016. YouTube (fgbuenotv) 26 Oct. 2016.*

         https://youtu.be/fWD0s0f8Mj0

         http://fgbueno.es/act/img/efo124pp.pdf

         2016

 

 

 

 

Postulates

 

Vega, Luis. "Postulado." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 463-64.*

 

 

 

 

 

Premises

 

Aristotle. Analitica priora (Prior Analytics). (Reasoning, Propositions, Assertions, Modality, Logic, Syllogisms, Premises, Terms, Negation, Possibility, Necessity).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 337-489.* (Reasoning).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 335-486.*

Ausín, Txetxu, and Lorenzo Peña. "Premisa / Conclusión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 479-81.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Principles

 

Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*

_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.

Carrascal, Begoña. "Metalógica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 391-94.*

Fish, Stanley. The Trouble with Principle. 1999.

Locke, John. "I.II. No Innate Principles in the Mind." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961. *

_____. "I.III. No Innate Practical Principles." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961. *

Marquand, D. The Unprincipled Society: New Demands and Old Politics. London: Jonathan Cape, 1988.

Ortega y Gasset, José. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva. (Obras Inéditas). Madrid: Revista de Occidente.

_____. La idea de principio en Leibniz. In Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10). vol. 9.

_____. "La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (selección)." From Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10) vol. ix. In Ortega, Pidiendo un Goethe desde dentro. En torno a Galileo. Historia como sistema. Ideas y creencias. Prólogo a Historia de la filosofía, de Émile Bréhier. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (Selección). (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Ortega y Gasset, II). Madrid: Gredos, 2012. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 383-441.*

Schopenhauer, Arthur. On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason. PhD. Diss.

Spencer, Herbert. The Principles of Psychology. London: Longmans, 1855.

_____. The Principles of Psychology. 2nd. ed. 2 vols. London, 1870-2.

_____. Principios de psicología.

_____. A System of Synthetic Philosophy (Programme published in 1860): I. First Principles (1862); II and III: Principles of Biology. 1864-67, rev. ed. 1898; IV and V: Principles of Psychology (1855; 2nd ed., 2 vol.s 1870-1872); VI, VII and VIII. Principles of Sociology (VI, 1876; VII, Ceremonial Instittions, 1882; VIIII: Ecclesiastical Institutions, first part 1885; complete vol. 1896); IX and X: Principles of Morality (1892-1893; Part I: Data of Ethics, 1879; Part IV, Justice, 1891; Parts II and III, 1892; Part V., 1893).

_____. Essays Intellectual, Moral and Physical. 1861.

_____. Education: Intellectual, Moral and Physical. London, 1861.

_____. Educación intelectual, moral y física. Valencia: Prometeo.

_____. A System of Synthetic Philosophy. 10 vols. 1862-96.

_____. First Principles. London, 1862.

_____. First Principles. London: Williams and Norgate, 1900.

_____. First Principles. 6th ed. (The Thinker's Library). London: Watts, 1937.*

Vega, Luis. "Ley lógica / Principio lógico." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 369-71.*

 

 

 

 

 

See also Axioms; Deduction; Logic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Probability

 

Laplace, Pierre Simon. Théorie analytique des probabilités. Paris: Ve. Courcier, 1812.

_____. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Trans. from the 6th French edition by Frederick Wilson Truscott and Frederick Lincoln Emory. New York: Dover Publications, 1951.

_____. Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. 1825. Ed. and trans. Andrew I. Dale. New York: Springer, 1994.

Teira, David. "Probabilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 485-91.*

 

 

See also Statistics.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proof

 

Alonso, Luis. "Prueba." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 497-501.*

Bentham J. Traité des Preuves Judiciaires. 2 vols. French ed. 1823.

Bernard, Claude. Introduction à l'étude de la médicine expérimentale. Paris, 1865.

_____. An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine. Trans. Henry C. Green. New York, 1949.

_____. Introducción al estudio de la medicina experimental. Trans. Antonio Espina y Capo. Introd. Pedro Laín Entralgo. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, 1996.*

Cockcroft, Robert. "Putting Aristotle to the Proof: Style, Substance and the EPL Group." Language and Literature 13.3 (2004): 195-215. (Ethos, Pathos, Logos; rhetorical proof).

Langbein, John. Torture and the Law of Proof. Chicago, 1977.

Locard, Edmond (Dr.). L'Enquête criminelle et les méthodes scientifiques. Paris: Flammarion, 1920.

Maus, Katharine Eisaman. "Proof and Consequences: Inwardness and Its Exposure in the English Renaissance." Representations 34 (1991): 29-52.

_____. "Proof and Consequences: Inwardness and Its Exposure in the English Renaissance." [Othello]. In Materialist Shakespeare. Ed. Ivo Kamps. London: Verso, 1995. 157-80.*

Freud, Sigmund. "Tatbestandsdiagnostik und Psychoanalyse." Arch. Krim. Anthrop. 26.1 (1906): 1-10.

_____. "El psicoanálisis y el diagnóstico de los hechos en los procedimientos judiciales." In Obras completas. Madrid: Orbis, 1988. 6.1277-83.

Popper, Karl R. Logik der Forschung. Wien: Springer, 1935.

_____. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Basic Books, 1949. 1959.

_____. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London, 1959.

_____. La lógica de la investigación científica. 1934. English ed. 1958. Trans. Víctor Sánchez de Zavala. Introd. José Manuel Sánchez Ron. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, 1997.*

Ricœur, Paul. "The Question of Proof in Freud's Psychoanalytic Writings." In Ricœur, Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action, and Interpretation. Ed. and trans. John B. Thompson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1981. 1998. 247-73.*

Schum, David A. "Probability and the Processes of Discovery, Proof, and Choice." Boston University Law Review 66.3-4 (1986).

_____. The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning. New York: Wiley, 1994.

 

 

 

 

Literature

 

Goldstein, Rebecca. 36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction. New York: Random House-Pantheon, 2010.

_____. 36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction. London: Atlantic Books, 2011.*

 

 

 

 

Video

 

Chaitin, Gregory, et al. "The Limitation of Mental and Physical Reality." Video panel discussion. YouTube (Philoctetes Center) 15 March 2011.*

         https://youtu.be/80R3goexOew

         2015

 

 

 

 

 

Properties

 

 

Audio

 

 

Bader, Ralf. "Coincidence and Supervenience." Lecture at the Aristotelian Society, 26 April 2021. Audio at the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.*

         https://backdoorbroadcasting.net/2021/04/ralf-bader-coincidence-and-supervenience/

         2021

 

 

 

 

 

 

Propositions

 

Aristóteles. Tópicos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 67-234.* (Dialectics, Propositions, Predication, Accidents, Contraries, Similarities, Genera, Proper, Definition, Identity, Argumentation).

_____. Analitica priora (Prior Analytics). (Reasoning, Propositions, Assertions, Modality, Logic, Syllogisms, Premises, Terms, Negation, Possibility, Necessity).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 337-489.* (Reasoning).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 335-486.*

_____. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*

_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.

Baron, Richard. Confidence in Claims. 2015. (1. Disciplines and Claims. 2. A Framework. 3. Relationships between Propositions. 4. Constraints on Claims. 5. Explanation.  6. Norms and Concepts. 7. Experiments and Sources. 8. Routes to Accounts. 9. Creators of Accounts).

_____. Confidence in Claims. Online at Academia.*

         https://www.academia.edu/17275883/

         2020

_____. Confidence in Claims. Online at Semantic Scholar.*

         https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Confidence-in-Claims-Baron/0940141feb040f57308d14889373cefb14dbaed4

         2020

Chapman, Siobhan. "Propositions and logic." In Chapman, Philosophy for Linguists: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 2000. 41-71.* (Frege, Strawson, presupposition, entailment).

Churchland, Paul M. "Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes." Journal of Philosophy 78 (1981): 67–90.

Corcoran, John. "Valor de verdad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 627-30.*

Corral, Miranda del. "Analítico / Sintético." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 45-47.*

Crisp, Peter. "Metaphorical Propositions: A Rationale." Language and Literature 11.1 (Feb. 2002): 7-16.*

Donato, Xavier de. "Proposición." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 491-93.*

García Suárez, Alfonso. "Proposicionales, actitudes." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 494-97.*

Harnish, R. M. "Logical Form and Implicature." In An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability. Ed. T. G. Bever, J. J. Katz and D. T. Langendoen. New York: Crowell, 1976. 313-92.

Hobbes, Thomas. "III. La proposición." In Hobbes, El cuerpo: Primera sección de los Elementos de Filosofía. Ed. and trans. Bartomeu Forteza. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2010. 195-208.*

Katz, Jerrold J.  Propositional Structure and Illocutionary Force. Brighton: Harvester, 1977.

Leibniz, G. W. Nouveaux Essais. (Perception, epistemology, substance, fallacies, truth, knowledge, judgment, Reason, propositions, God, reason, probability, error).

_____. Nuevos ensayos sobre el entendimiento humano. Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1977.

_____. Nuevos ensayos sobre el entendimiento humano. Ed. Javier Echeverría Ezponda. Addenda by Mary Sol de Mora. (El Libro de Bolsillo). Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1992. 2nd ed. 2021.* (I. Sobre las ideas innatas. II. Sobre las ideas. III. Sobre las palabras. IV. Sobre el conocimiento).

Locke, John. "IV.VI. Of Universal Propositions, their Truth and Certainty." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

_____. "IV.VIII. Of Trifling Propositions." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

Quine, W. v. O. "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes." Journal of Philosophy 53 (1956).

Ramsey, F. P. "Facts and Propositions." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society supp. vol. 7 (1927). Rpt. in Truth. Ed. Pitcher. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall, 1964.

_____. "Facts and Propositions." Rpt. in Truth. Ed. P. Horwich. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.

_____. "Facts and Propositions." In Pursuit of Truth. Ed. W. V. O. Quine. Rev. ed. Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1992.

Russell, Bertrand. "On Propositions: What They Are and How They Mean." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 7 (1919): 1-43.

_____. Los principios de la matemática. Trans. José Barrio Gutiérrez. Introd. Jesús Mosterín. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, 1997.*

Sperber, Dan, and Deirdre Wilson. "Inference." In Sperber and Wilson, Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. 65-117.* (Inference, propositions, deduction, context).

_____. "Aspects of Verbal Communication." In Sperber and Wilson, Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. 172-254.* (implicature, explicature, proposition, presupposition, meaning, metaphor, irony, speech acts).

Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "5. La negación en el razonamiento proposicional." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 67-82.*

_____. "6. Falacias en el razonamiento proposicional." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 83-96.*

 

 

 

Video

 

Jago, Mark. "What Truth Is." Video lecture. U of Edinburgh, 30 Jan. 2015. YouTube (Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh) 4 Feb. 2015.*

https://youtu.be/jyOGlrIiWRk

2015

 

 

 

 

 

Qualifiers

 

Bermejo, Lilian. "Modelo de Toulmin / Garantía / Respaldo / Reserva / Calificador." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 408-10.*

 

 

 

Quantifiers

 

Quine, W. v. O. "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes." Journal of Philosophy 53 (1956).

Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "10. El razonamiento con cuantificadores: El efecto atmósfera." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 175-88.*

_____. "12. Inferencias inmediatas con cuantificadores." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 21328.*

 

 

See also Quantifiers (English, Spanish…).

 

 

 

Questions

 

 

Olmos, Paula. "Cuestión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 161-64.*

 

 

 

 

Rigour

 

Beardsley, P. L. Redefining Rigor: Ideology and Statistics in Political Inquiry. Beverly Hills (CA) and London, 1980.

 

 

 

 

 

Refutations

 

Aristotle (Aristóteles). Sobre las refutaciones sofísticas. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 235-90.* (Argumentation, Refutation, Sophistry, Paradoxes, Errors, Paralogisms, Fallacies).

_____. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*

_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.

Marafioti, Roberto. "Refutación." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 517-20.*

Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York: Harper, 1963.

_____ Conjectures and Refutations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963. 4th ed. 1972.

Adrián Bodanza, Gustavo. "Rebatible, argumento." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 511-13.*

 

 

 

 

Sameness

 

Hobbes, Thomas. "XI. Lo mismo y lo diverso." In Hobbes, El cuerpo: Primera sección de los Elementos de Filosofía. Ed. and trans. Bartomeu Forteza. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2010. 297-304.*

 

See also Identity; Otherness.

 

 

 

Sophisms

 

Vega, Luis. "Sofisma." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 564-66.*

 

Video

 

Bueno, Gustavo. "El dialelo antropológico." Video lecture. (Tesela 117). YouTube (fgbuenotv) 24 Feb. 2014.*

         https://youtu.be/h5yjX5e1ZEw

         2016

 

 

See also Sophistry; Fallacies.

 

 

 

 

Sorites

 

Vásconez, Marcelo. "Sorites." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 569-72.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supervenience (Logical)

 

Johansson, Ingvar. "Hartmann's Nonreductive Materialism, Superimposition, and Supervenience." Axiomathes: An International Journal in Ontology and Cognitive Systems 12 (2001): 195-215. Kluwer. Electronic ed. in

http://hem.passagen.se/ijohansson/Superveniens2.htm

2005-04-09

Kim, J. Supervenience and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993.

_____. Supervenience. Dartmouth: Ashgate, 2002.

McLaughlin, Brian, and Karen Bennett. "Supervenience." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2011.*

         http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/supervenience/

         2016

"Supervenience." Mulhauser Consulting Ltd.

http://www.mulhauser.net/research/tutorials/supervenience/

         2005-03-31

 

 

 

Audio

 

 

Bader, Ralf. "Coincidence and Supervenience." Lecture at the Aristotelian Society, 26 April 2021. Audio at the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.*

         https://backdoorbroadcasting.net/2021/04/ralf-bader-coincidence-and-supervenience/

         2021

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syllogisms

 

Aristotle. Analitica priora (Prior Analytics). (Reasoning, Propositions, Assertions, Modality, Logic, Syllogisms, Premises, Terms, Negation, Possibility, Necessity).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 337-489.* (Reasoning).

_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 335-486.*

Hobbes, Thomas. "IV. El silogismo." In Hobbes, El cuerpo: Primera sección de los Elementos de Filosofía. Ed. and trans. Bartomeu Forteza. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2010. 209-20.*

Schopenhauer, Arthur. II.1.2.6. "Sobre la silogística." In Schopenhauer, El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación (Volumen Segundo). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 121-32.*

Vega, Luis. "Silogismo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 558-62.*

Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "11. La inferencia silogística." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 189-212.*

 

 

See also Logic; Reasoning; Entailment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tautologies

 

Gruber, Eberhard. "Du tautologique qui nous ente." In L'animal autobiographique: Autour de Jacques Derrida. Ed. Marie-Louise Mallet. Paris: Galilée / CNL, 1999. 137-60.*

Nepomuceno, Ángel. "Tautología." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 582-83.*

Rosset, Clément.. Le Démon de la tautologie, suivi de Cinq petites pièces morales. (Paradoxe). Paris: Minuit.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Truisms

 

Locke, John. "IV.VIII. Of Trifling Propositions." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*

 

 

 

 

 

Validity

 

Bermejo, Lilian. "Eficacia / Validez argumentativa." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 215-18.*

Nepomuceno, Ángel. "Validez." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 625-27.*

 

 

 

 

Variables

 

Pearl, Judea, and Dana Mackenzie. "4. Confounding and Deconfounding: Or, Slaying the Lurking Variable." In Pearl and Mackenzie, The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect. 2018. London: Penguin, 2019. 135-66.*

 

 

 

 

Verification

 

Berlin, Isaiah. "Verification." In Critical Theory since 1965. Ed.. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Tallahassee: UPs of Florida / Florida State UP, 1986. 1990. 698-709.*

Carrascal, Begoña. "Función veritativa." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 261-65.*

Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "15. La contrastación de una hipótesis: Prevención y estructura de error." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 255-64.*

 

 

See also Truth; Experiments.