A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology
by José Ángel García Landa
(University of Zaragoza, Spain)
Logic: Other topics
A contrario
A priori
Abduction
Absurdum, reductio ad
Adequacy
Algorithms
Analogies. See Semiotics. Other semiotic categories.
Antilogism
Aporias. See Genres. Other genres. Philosophy. Specific. Aporias.
Assumptions. See Presuppositions.
Axioms
Calculations
Categories
Certainty
Circularity
Clarity
Completeness
Conditionals. See Linguistics. Specific. Conditionals.
Confusion.
Constants (logical)
Counterfactuals. See Semiotics. Other semiotic categories.
De dicto / de re
Decidibility
Deductions
Definitions
Demonstrations
Deontic logic
Derivation
Diagonal (argumentation)
Distinctiveness
Eristics
Fallacies. See Motifs. F motifs. Fallacies.
Formal logic / Logical form
Fuzzy logic
Hypotheses
Indiscernibility
Justifications
Material (implication, etc.).
Modal logic
Modus ponens / Modus tollens
Oppositions
Obscurity
Paralogisms
Parts/Wholes
Postulates
Premises
Probability
Principles
Properties
Proof
Propositions
Qualifiers
Questions
Refutations
Rigour
Sameness
Sophisms
Sorites
Supervenience (logical)
Tautologies
Truisms
Universality. See Motifs. U motifs. Universals. Philosophical.
Validity
Variables
Verification
A contrario
Vega, Luis. "A contrario." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 15-16.*
A priori
Crews, Frederick. "Apriorism for Empiricists." Style 42 (2008): 155-60.
Hopper, Paul. "Emergent Grammar and the A Priori Grammar Postulate." In Linguistics in Context. Ed. Deborah Tannen. Norwood (NJ): Ablex, 1988. 117-34.
Kant, Immanuel. Kritik der Reinen Vernunft. 1781.
_____. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Ed. T. Valentiner. Leipzig: Meiner, 1913.
_____. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Ed. Raymund Schmict. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1976.
_____. Critique of Pure Reason. New York: St. Martin's, 1929.
_____. Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Norman Kemp Smith. London, 1950.
_____. Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Norman Kemp Smith. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965.
_____. Critique of Pure Reason. Electronic edition. 18th-century Studies Group, CMU. http://eserver.org/18th/
_____. Critique de la raison pure. Ed. and trans. A. Tremesaygues and B. Pacaud. Introd. Ch. Serrus. Paris: Quadrigue-PUF, 1986.
Ricœur, Paul. "La notion d'a priori selon Mikel Dufrenne." 1961. In Ricœur, Lectures 2: La contrée des philosophes. Paris: Seuil, 1992. 325-34.*
Schopenhauer, Arthur. II.1.1. "Complementos al libro primero (1) La doctrina de la representación intuitiva." In Schopenhauer, El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación (Volumen Segundo). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 11-68.* (Idealism; Epistemology; Understanding, Senses, a priori knowledge).
_____. II.1.1.4. "Del conocimiento a priori." In Schopenhauer, El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación (Volumen Segundo). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 43-68.*
Abduction
Aliseda, Atocha. "Abducción." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 17-22.*
Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.
_____. El signo de los tres. (Palabra en el Tiempo, 184). Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.
Herrero, A. Semiótica y creatividad: La lógica abductiva. 1988.
Peirce, C. S. "Pragmatism as the Logic of Abduction." (Harvard Lectures on Pragmatism, 1903). In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 2 (1893-1913). Ed. Nathan Houser et al. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1998. 226-41.*
Absurdum, reductio ad
Donato, Xavier de. "Absurdo, reducción al." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 22-24. 24-27.*
Adequacy
Locke, John. "II.XXXI. Of Adequate and Inadequate Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Algorithms
Adelard of Bath. Algoritmi de numero indorum. 1130.
Essinger, J. Ada’s Algorithm: How Lord Byron’s Daughter Ada Lovelace Launched the Digital Age. Brooklyn-London: Melville House, 2014.
Golden, C. Douglas. "Elon Musk Begins 'Digging In' on Popular Twitter Account's Shadow Ban and Something Quickly Becomes Apparent." The Western Journal 29 Oct. 2022.*
2022
Gracia, Jorge. "Los algoritmos que elegirán al próximo presidente del gobierno." The Conversation 18 Jan. 2023.*
https://theconversation.com/los-algoritmos-que-elegiran-al-proximo-presidente-del-gobierno-194182
2023
MacKay, David J. C. Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.
Richards, Blake. "Yes, the Brain Is a Computer. No, It's Not a Metaphor." Medium (The Spike) 1 Oct. 2018.*
https://medium.com/the-spike/yes-the-brain-is-a-computer-11f630cad736
2020
Santos, Alejandro. "El primer cuadro creado por un algoritmo que se subasta, vendido por 379.000 euros." Heraldo de Aragón 27 Oct. 2018: 57.*
http://prensa.unizar.es/noticias/1810/181029_z0_cuadro.pdf
2018
Torra, Vicenç. Del àbaco a la revolución digital: Algoritmos y computación. (El mundo es matemático). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2010.*
Úbeda, José Pedro. "Algoritmo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 38-45.*
Wolfram, Stephen. A New Kind of Science. 2002.
http://www.wolframscience.com/
2011
Internet resources
"Evolutionary Algorithm." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.*
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm
2016
Video
Lukacs, Miklos, and Juan Ángel Soto. "El Gran Reinicio y sus Implicaciones (1)." Video. YouTube (Fundación Civismo) 30 Nov. 2020.* (Information, Globalism, Capitalism, Control, Artificial intelligence, Algorithms, China).
2020
See also Computation.
Antilogism
Vega, Luis de. "Antilogismo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 50.*
Antinomies and philosophical problems
Kant, Immanuel. Kritik der Urteilskraft. 1790. (Beauty, Taste, Perfection, Emotion, Agreeable, Pleasure, Judgment, Universality, Sublimity, Satisfaction, Nature, Aesthetics, Objectivity, Sensations, Common sense, Art, Genius, Teleology, Antinomies, Understanding, Universe, Theology, God)
_____. Kritik der Urtheilskraft. In Kantswerke, Akademie-Textausgabe, V.
_____. Kritik der Urteilskraft. Stuttgart, 1924.
_____. Kritik der Urteilskraft. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1974.
_____. Kritik der Urteilskraft. In Werkausgabe vol. 10. Ed. Wilhelm Weischedel. Frankfurt a/M, 1979.
_____. Critique of Judgment. Trans. J. H. Bernard. 2nd. ed. London, 1914. 1931.
_____. Critique of Judgment. Trans. J. H. Bernard. New York: Hafner, 1951. 1966.
_____. Critique of Judgment. Trans. Werner S. Pluhar. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1987.
_____. Critique of Judgment. Excerpt. In Deconstruction in Context. Ed. Mark C. Taylor. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986. 35-66.*
_____. The Critique of Judgement. Trans. James Creed Meredith. Oxford: Clarendon, 1988.
_____. Critique of the Power of Judgment. Trans. and ed. Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge UP, 2000.
_____. Crítica del Juicio. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1984.*
Plutarch. Symposiaca Problemata.
Sagüillo, José Miguel. "Antinomia." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 50-54.*
Axioms
Aristotle Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*
_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.
Martínez Vidal, Concha. "Axioma / Axiomatización. " In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 79-82.*
Calculations
Alonso, Enrique. "Cálculo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 89-90.*
Glimp, David, and Michelle R. Warren, eds. Art of Calculation: Numerical Thought in Early Modern Europe. (Early Modern Cultural Studies). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Hacking, Ian. "12. Speculation, Calculation, Models, Approximations." In Hacking, Representing and Intervening: Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1983. 210-19.*
Video
Fridman, Lex. "Judea Pearl: Causal Reasoning, Counterfactuals, and the Path to AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #56." Video interview. YouTube (Lex Fridman) 11 Dec. 2019.* (Mathematics, Models, Correlation, Experiments, Science, Data, Abstraction, Artificial intelligence; Calculation; Free will, Consciousness; Indoctrination; Religion; Daniel Pearl; Terrorism, Evil).
2022
Pearl, Judea. "Keynote: Judea Pearl - The New Science of Cause and Effect." Video lecture. YouTube (PyData) 29 Nov. 2018.* (Data, Counterfactuals, Fiction, Causality, Calculation, Models, Reality, Science).
2022
See also Computation; Calculus; Arithmetic.
Categories
Aristotle. (Aristóteles). Categorías. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 27-68.* (Semantics, concepts).
Bower, G. H., M. C. Clark, A. M. Lesgold, and D. Winzenz. "Hierarchical Retrieval Schemes in Recall of Categorized Word Lists." Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 8 (1969): 323-43.
Bueno, Gustavo. Teoría del cierre categorial.
Harnad, Stevan, ed. Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition. New York: Cambridge UP, 1987.
Heidegger, Martin. "Die Kategorien- und Bedeutungslehre des D. Scotus." In Heidegger, Frühe Schriften. Vol. 1 of Gesamtausgabe. Frankfurt: Klostermann, 1978.
Lakoff, George. Categories: An Essay in Cognitive Linguistics. Trier: LAUT, 1982.
_____. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1987.
López Rúa, Paula. Birds, Colours and Prepositions: The Theory of Categorization and its Applications in Linguistics. (LINCOM Studies in Theoretical Linguistics, Vol. 33). Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, 2003.
Martin, Alex, Chari L. Wiggs, Leslie G. Ungerleider and James V. Haxby. "Neural Correlates of Category-Specific Knowledge." Nature 379 (1996): 649-52.
Nepomuceno, Ángel. "Categoremático / Sincategoremático." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 90-91.*
Peirce, C. S. "On a New List of Categories." 1867. In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Vol. 1 (1867-1893). Ed. Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992. 1-10.
_____. "The Categories Defended." (Harvard Lectures on Pragmatism, 1903). In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 2 (1893-1913). Ed. Nathan Houser et al. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1998. 160-78.*
Rosch, E. "Human Categorization." In Advances in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Ed. N. Warren. Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.
_____. "Principles of Categorization." In Cognition and Categorization, ed. E. Rosch and B. Lloyd. Hillsdale (NJ): L.E.A, 1978.
Rosch, E., and B. Lloyd, ed. Cognition and Categorization, ed. E. Rosch and B. Lloyd. Hillsdale (NJ): L.E.A, 1978.
Rosch, E., and C. B. Mervis. "Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories." Cognitive Psychology 7 1(1975): 573-605.
Taylor, John R. Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes In Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.
Wallace, Stephen. "Figure and Ground: The Interrelationships of Linguistic Categories." In Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics and Pragmatics. Ed. Paul J. Hopper. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1982. 201-23.*
Video
Bueno, Gustavo. "Cierre categorial." YouTube (fgbuenotv) 4 March 2010.*
2015
Certainty
Arjomandi, Arash. El principio de certidumbre: La lógica de la libertad. Almuzara, c. 2024.
Herbert of Cherbury, Edward. De Veritate, Prout distinguitur a Revelatione, a Verisimili, a Possibili, et a Falso. Paris, 1624. 2nd ed. 1633. (Deism).
_____. De Veritate. Trans. M. H. Carré. Bristol: Arrowsmith, 1937.
Kline, Morris. Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1980.
Locke, John. "IV.II. Of the Degrees of Our Knowledge." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
_____. "IV.VI. Of Universal Propositions, their Truth and Certainty." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Marqués Aguado, Teresa. "A Lexical Analysis of Modal Expressions of Certainty in Scientific Discourse." In Proceedings from the 31st AEDEAN Conference. Ed. M. J. Lorenzo Modia et al. CD-ROM: A Coruña: Universidade da Coruña, 2008. 373-86.*
Morson, Gary Saul. Narrative and Freedom: The Shadows of Time. New Haven: Yale UP, 1994.*
Voltaire. "Cierto, Certeza." From Diccionario Filosófico. In Voltaire, Cartas filosóficas. Diccionario filosófico. Memorias para servir a la vida de Voltaire escritas por él mismo. Prologue by Fernando Savater. Introd. Martí Domínguez. (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Voltaire, I). Madrid: Gredos, 2010. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA, 2014. 211-13.*
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Über Gewissheit.
_____. On Certainty. Oxford: Blackwell, 1969.
_____. Sobre la certeza. Trans. Josep Lluís Prades and Vicent Raga. Barcelona: Gedisa.
_____. Sobre la certeza. Trans. Josep Lluís Prades and Vicent Raga. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Sobre la certeza. (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Ludwig Wittgenstein, I). Introd. Isidoro Reguera. Madrid: Gredos, 2009. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 155-347.*
Young, J. Z. Doubt and Certainty in Science. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1961.
Literature
Lope de Vega. Lo cierto por lo dudoso. In Comedias escogidas de Frey Lope Félix de Vega Carpio, juntas en colección y ordenadas por Don Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch. Tomo primero. Madrid: Rivadeneyra, 1853. 455-73.*
See also Uncertainty; Truth; Knowledge; Hedges; Beliefs.
Circularity
Bermejo, Lilian. "Circularidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 94-96.*
Clarity
Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Completeness
Kripke, S. A. "A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic." Journal of Symbolic Logic 24.1 (1959): 1-14.
Rayo, Agustín. "Completud." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 100-103.*
Conclusions
Premises
Ausín, Txetxu, and Lorenzo Peña. "Premisa / Conclusión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 479-81.*
Confusion
Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Video
Dennett, Daniel. "The Evolution of Confusion." Video lecture. YouTube (Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science) 30 Oct. 2009.* (On belief and atheist priests).
2013
Constants (logical)
Gómez-Torrente, Mario. "Constante lógica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 139-34.*
De dicto / De re
Vega, Luis. "De dicto / de re." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 165-67.*
Decidability
Alonso, Enrique. "Decidibilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 167-68.*
Deductions
Corcoran, John. "Deducción / Deducibilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 168-70.*
Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.
_____. El signo de los tres. (Palabra en el Tiempo, 184). Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.
Konnikova, Maria. Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes. Viking, 2013.
Lefebvre, Henri. Logique formelle, logique dialectique. 2nd ed. Paris: Anthropos, 1969.
_____. Lógica formal / Lógica dialéctica. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1970. 5th ed. 1975.* (Logic, truth, method, dialectics, knowledge, materialism, metaphysics, idealism, deduction, identity, concepts, judgement, reason, causality, essence, appearance, ideas).
Ortega y Gasset, José. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva. (Obras Inéditas). Madrid: Revista de Occidente.
_____. La idea de principio en Leibniz. In Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10). vol. 9.
_____. "La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (selección)." From Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10) vol. ix. In Ortega, Pidiendo un Goethe desde dentro. En torno a Galileo. Historia como sistema. Ideas y creencias. Prólogo a Historia de la filosofía, de Émile Bréhier. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (Selección). (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Ortega y Gasset, II). Madrid: Gredos, 2012. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 383-441.*
Sperber, Dan, and Deirdre Wilson. "Inference." In Sperber and Wilson, Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. 65-117.* (Inference, propositions, deduction, context).
Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "8. El componente deductivo." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 121-34.*
Default
Sobrino, Alejandro. "Defecto, lógicas por." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 170-74.*
Definitions
Aristotle. (Aristóteles). Tópicos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 69-236.* (Dialectics, meaning, definitions, identity, argumentation).
_____. Tópicos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 67-234.* (Dialectics, Propositions, Predication, Accidents, Contraries, Similarities, Genera, Proper, Definition, Identity, Argumentation).
_____. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Effects).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*
_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.
Ball, D. "La définition ironique." Revue de littérature comparée 199.3 (1976): 213-36.
Battaner, Paz "Dos casos de definiciones morfológicas en los diccionarios." In Palabras, Norma, Discurso: En memoria de Fernando Lázaro Carreter. Ed. Luis Santos Río et al. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2005. 125-35.*
Calvo Pérez, Julio. "La definición latina en el Tesoro de S. de Covarrubias." In Miscel-lània homenatge Enrique García Díez. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia / Consellería de Cultura, Educació i Ciència de la Generalitat Valenciana, 1991. 299-312.
Creeley, Robert. "To Define." In Strong Words: Modern Poets on Modern Poetry. Ed. W. N. Herbert and Matthew Hollis. Tarset (Northumberland): Bloodaxe Books, 2000. 100-101.*
Gallie, W. B. "Essentially Contested Concepts." Ch. 8 of Gallie, Philosophy and the Historical Understanding. London, 1964.
Harris, Roy, and Christopher Hutton. Definition in Theory and Practice: Language, Lexicography and the Law.
Ingold, Tim, ed. What is an Animal? London: Routledge, 1988.
Kwary, Deny Arnos. "Towards a Typology of Definition for Dictionaries." Journal of English Studies 9 (2011): 55-73.*
López Eire, Antonio. "La 'definición' aristotélica y la función metalingüística." In López Eire, Orígenes de la poética. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1980. 39-42.*
_____. "La metáfora y la 'definición' según Aristóteles." In López Eire, Orígenes de la poética. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1980. 55-66.*
Luzón Marco, María José. "A Functional Analysis of Definitions in English Scientific Discourse: Lexical Realization of Processes." In Current Issues in Genre Theory. Ed. Ignacio Vázquez and Ana Hornero. Zaragoza: Mira, 1996. 181-200.*
Magariños de Morentín, Juan A. "Manual operativo para la elaboración de 'definiciones contextuales' y 'redes contrastantes'." Signa 7 (1998): 233-53.*
Said, Edward W. "El choque de definiciones: Sobre Samuel Huntington." In Said, Reflexiones sobre el exilio: Ensayos literarios y culturales. Madrid: Debate, 2005. 533-58.*
Snow, C. "The Development of Definitional Skill." Journal of Child Language 17 (1990): 697-711.
Snow, C. , H. Cancino, J. De Temple and S. Schley. "Giving Definitions: A Linguistic or Metalinguistic Skill?" In Language Processing in Bilingual Children. Ed. E. Bialystok. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. 90-113.
Toolan, Michael. "Legal definitions". Review on Definition in Theory and Practice: Language, Lexicography and the Law, by Roy Harris and Christopher Hutton, and Language and the Law, by Sanford Schane. Language and Communication (2009). vol 29, 182-192.
Vega, Luis. "Definición." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 174-77.*
Internet resources
Definiciones
2010
Word IQ
2012
Literature
Chekhov, Anton (Antón P. Chéjov). "Mis definiciones ingeniosas y mis dichos." 1883. In Chéjov, Cuentos completos (1880-1885). Ed. Paul Viejo. 3rd ed. Madrid: Páginas de Espuma, 2014. 693-94.*
See also Taxonomy.
Demonstrations
Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Effects).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*
_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.
Fish, Stanley. "Demonstration and Persuasion: Two Models of Critical Activity." In Twentieth Century Literary Theory. Ed. Vassilis Lambropoulos and David Neal Miller. Albany: State U of New York P, 1987. 350-62.*
Vega, Luis. "Demostración." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 182-84.*
Internet resources
El manifestómetro
http://manifestometro.blogspot.com/
2006-02-28
Deontic logic
Hartmann, R. S. "Axiological Aspects of Deontic Logic." In Sprache und Erkenntnis. Ed. B. Kanitscheider. Innsbruck, 1976.
Derivation
Marraud, Huberto. "Derivación / Derivabilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 187-90.*
Diagonal (argumentation)
Úbeda, José Pedro. "Diagonal, argumento / Diagonalización / Método diagonal." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 192-94.*
Distinctiveness
Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Enthymemes
Dyck, E. "Topos and Enthymeme." Rhetorica 20 (2002): 105-17.
Vega, Luis. "Entimema." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 226-28.*
Eristics
González, Diony. "Erística." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 231-33.*
Formal logic / Logical form
Bochenski, I. M. Historia de la lógica formal. Madrid: Gredos, 1976.
Corcoran, John. "Forma lógica / Formalización." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 257-59.*
Lefebvre, Henri. Logique formelle, logique dialectique. 2nd ed. Paris: Anthropos, 1969.
_____. Lógica formal / Lógica dialéctica. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1970. 5th ed. 1975.* (Logic, truth, method, dialectics, knowledge, materialism, metaphysics, idealism, deduction, identity, concepts, judgement, reason, causality, essence, appearance, ideas).
Marraud, Huberto. "Formal, sistema." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 259-61,*
Velarde, Julián. Lógica formal. Oviedo: Pentalfa, 1982.
Fuzzy logic
Sobrino, Alejandro. "Borrosa, lógica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 83-86.*
Hypotheses
Gärdenfors, P., and M. Lombard. "Hypothesis and Theory: Causal Cognition, Force Dynamics and Early Hunting Technologies." Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2018): article 87.
Pepper, S. World Hypotheses. Berkeley: U of California P, 1942.
Vega, Luis. "Categórico / Hipotético." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 91-92.*
Wallace, William A. Causality and Scientific Explanation. 2 vols. Ann Arbor, 1974.
_____. "Galileo and Reasoning Ex Suppositione: The Methodology of the Two New Sciences." Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association (1974): 79-104.
Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "13. La contrastación de una hipótesis: El error y su corrección." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 229-40.*
_____. "14. La contrastación de una hipótesis: La explicación." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 241-54.*
_____. "15. La contrastación de una hipótesis: Prevención y estructura de error." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 255-64.*
See also Theories; Explanations; Models; Method; Presuppositions.
Indiscernibility
Frápolli, María José. "Identidad / Indiscernibilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 277-81.*
Induction
Cohen, L. J., and A. Margalit. "The Role of Inductive Reasoning in the Interpretation of Metaphor." Synthese 21 (1970): 469-87.
Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.
_____. El signo de los tres. (Palabra en el Tiempo, 184). Barcelona: Lumen, 1983.
Godó, Ágnes M. "Cross-Cultural Aspects of Academic Writing: A Study of Hungarian and North American College Students L1 Argumentative Essays." In Academic Writing: The Role of Different Rhetorical Traditions. Ed. Rafael Monroy-Casas. Monograph issue of IJES 8.2 (2008): 65-111.* (Rhetorical structure, nucleus, satellite, hierarchical text organisation, plausibility judgment, inductive/deductive argumentation, opposing/supporting argument, listing/alternating/elaborating argument structure).
Lorenz, Konrad. "2. La inducción." In Lorenz, La Ciencia Natural del Hombre: "El Manuscrito de Rusia" 1944-1948 - Introducción al estudio comparado del comportamiento. Barcelona: Tusquets, 1993. 74-86.*
_____. "Historia del origen y metodología del estudio comparado del comportamiento." Part III of Lorenz, La Ciencia Natural del Hombre: "El Manuscrito de Rusia" 1944-1948 - Introducción al estudio comparado del comportamiento. Barcelona: Tusquets, 1993. 239-388.* (Mechanicism, Vitalism, Experiments, Induction, Whitman, Heinroth, Wallace Craig, Erich von Holst, Appetites, Instincts, Stimuli, Nervous system).
Mill, John Stuart. System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Scientific Investigation. 1843.
Peirce, C. S. "The Probability of Induction." 1878. In The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Vol. 1 (1867-1893). Ed. Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992. 155-69.
Vega, Luis. "Inducción." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 294-97.*
Whewell, William. History of the Inductive Sciences: From the Earliest to the Present Times. London: J. W. Parker, 1837.
_____. The Philosophy of Inductive Sciences, Founded upon their History. London: John W. Parker; Cambridge: J. and J. J. Deighton, 1840. Online at Google Books
http://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=Fe8TAAAAQAAJ
2012
_____. The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences. 1846. New York: Cass Reprints, 1956.
_____. Of Induction, with Especial Reference to Mr. J. Stuart Mill's System of Logic. 1849.
Intension/Extension
Abusch, Dorit. "Sequence of Tense, Intensionality and Scope." In Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL) 7 (1988): 1-14. In Semantics: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Ed. Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach. Volume IV: The Semantics of Predicates and Inflection. London: Routledge, 2003.
Fernández Moreno, Luis. "Intensión / Extensión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 313-16.*
Justifications
Atienza, Manuel. "Justificación jurídica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 344-46.*
Iranzo, Valeriano. "Justificación." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 337-44.*
Nickles, Thomas. "Justification and Experiment." In The Uses of Experiment: Studies in the Natural Sciences. Ed. David Gooding, Trevor Pinch and Simon Schaffer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989. 299-333.*
See also Motives; Rationality; Explanations; Theories.
Material (Implication, Consequence, etc.).
Morado, Raymundo. "Implicación material / Condicional material / Consecuencia material." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 281-84.*
Modal logic
Pérez Otero, Manuel. "Modalidades." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 401-8.*
See also Mood; Modality.
Modus ponens / Modus tollens
Trillas, Enric. "Modus ponens y Modus tollens." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 414-22.*
Obscurity
Locke, John. "II.XXIX. Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Oppositions
Aristotle. Peri hermeneias. (Writing, Speech, Truth, Verbs, Statements, Affirmation, Negation, Universality, Singularity, Plurality, Contraries, Contradictories, Opposites, Attribution, Modality).
_____. (Aristotle). On Interpretation (Peri hermeneias). Commentary by St. Thomas and Cajetan. Trans. and introd. Jean T. Oesterle. Milwaukee: Marquette UP, 1962.
_____. (Aristotle). On Interpretation. Selection. In Literary Criticism and Theory. Ed. R. C. Davis and L. Finke. London: Longman, 1989. 84-91.*
_____. (Aristóteles). Peri Hermeneias. Trans. Patricio de Azcárate. In Aristotle, Tratados de Lógica (el Organon). México: Porrúa, 1982. 49-64.*
_____. (Aristóteles). Sobre la interpretación. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 293-336.* (Language, meaning, statements).
_____. (Aristóteles). Sobre la interpretación. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 290-334.*
_____. (Aristóteles). Categorías. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 25-66.* (Homonyms, Synonyms, Predication, Being, Quantity, Relation, Quality, Activity and Passivity, Opposites, Contraries, Anteriority, Simultaneity, Movement, Having).
Cusanus, Nicholas. De docta ignorantia. 1440.
_____. (Nicolás de Cusa). La docta ignorancia. Buenos Aires: Editora Clásica, n. d.*
Vega, Luis. "Oposición, relaciones de." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 433-35.*
See also Opposites.
Paralogisms
Aristotle (Aristóteles). Sobre las refutaciones sofísticas. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 235-90.* (Argumentation, Refutation, Sophistry, Paradoxes, Errors, Paralogisms, Fallacies).
Vega, Luis. "Paralogismo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 444-45.*
Video
Bueno, Gustavo. "El reino del hombre y el hombre histórico." Lecture at Fundación Gustavo Bueno, 21 Oct. 2013. YouTube (fgbuenotv) 22 Oct. 2013.* (Taxonomy, Logic, Anthropology, Cosmos, Materialism, Relativism, History, Anthropocentrism, Disciplines).
2021
Parts / Wholes
Bamberg, Michael. "Actions, Events, Scenes, Plots and the Drama.: Language and the Constitution of Part-whole Relationships." Language Sciences 16 (1994): 39-79.
Husserl, Edmund. Logische Untersuchungen. 4th. ed. Halle, 1928.
_____. Investigaciones lógicas. 2 vols. Trans. Manuel G. Morente and José Gaos. Madrid: Altaya, 1995.*
Mendelsund, Peter. "La parte y el todo." In Mendelsund, Qué vemos cuando leemos. Barcelona: Planeta-Seix Barral, 2015. 395-416.*
Video
Alvargonzález, David. "Las ciencias como sistemas y los sistemas filosóficos." Video. Lecture at the Escuela de Filosofía de Oviedo, 24 Oct. 2016. YouTube (fgbuenotv) 26 Oct. 2016.*
http://fgbueno.es/act/img/efo124pp.pdf
2016
Postulates
Vega, Luis. "Postulado." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 463-64.*
Premises
Aristotle. Analitica priora (Prior Analytics). (Reasoning, Propositions, Assertions, Modality, Logic, Syllogisms, Premises, Terms, Negation, Possibility, Necessity).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 337-489.* (Reasoning).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 335-486.*
Ausín, Txetxu, and Lorenzo Peña. "Premisa / Conclusión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 479-81.*
Principles
Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*
_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.
Carrascal, Begoña. "Metalógica." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 391-94.*
Fish, Stanley. The Trouble with Principle. 1999.
Locke, John. "I.II. No Innate Principles in the Mind." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961. *
_____. "I.III. No Innate Practical Principles." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961. *
Marquand, D. The Unprincipled Society: New Demands and Old Politics. London: Jonathan Cape, 1988.
Ortega y Gasset, José. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva. (Obras Inéditas). Madrid: Revista de Occidente.
_____. La idea de principio en Leibniz. In Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10). vol. 9.
_____. "La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (selección)." From Ortega, Obras Completas (2004-10) vol. ix. In Ortega, Pidiendo un Goethe desde dentro. En torno a Galileo. Historia como sistema. Ideas y creencias. Prólogo a Historia de la filosofía, de Émile Bréhier. La idea de principio en Leibniz y la evolución de la teoría deductiva (Selección). (Grandes Pensadores Gredos; Ortega y Gasset, II). Madrid: Gredos, 2012. Rpt. Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 383-441.*
Schopenhauer, Arthur. On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason. PhD. Diss.
Spencer, Herbert. The Principles of Psychology. London: Longmans, 1855.
_____. The Principles of Psychology. 2nd. ed. 2 vols. London, 1870-2.
_____. Principios de psicología.
_____. A System of Synthetic Philosophy (Programme published in 1860): I. First Principles (1862); II and III: Principles of Biology. 1864-67, rev. ed. 1898; IV and V: Principles of Psychology (1855; 2nd ed., 2 vol.s 1870-1872); VI, VII and VIII. Principles of Sociology (VI, 1876; VII, Ceremonial Instittions, 1882; VIIII: Ecclesiastical Institutions, first part 1885; complete vol. 1896); IX and X: Principles of Morality (1892-1893; Part I: Data of Ethics, 1879; Part IV, Justice, 1891; Parts II and III, 1892; Part V., 1893).
_____. Essays Intellectual, Moral and Physical. 1861.
_____. Education: Intellectual, Moral and Physical. London, 1861.
_____. Educación intelectual, moral y física. Valencia: Prometeo.
_____. A System of Synthetic Philosophy. 10 vols. 1862-96.
_____. First Principles. London, 1862.
_____. First Principles. London: Williams and Norgate, 1900.
_____. First Principles. 6th ed. (The Thinker's Library). London: Watts, 1937.*
Vega, Luis. "Ley lógica / Principio lógico." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 369-71.*
See also Axioms; Deduction; Logic.
Probability
Laplace, Pierre Simon. Théorie analytique des probabilités. Paris: Ve. Courcier, 1812.
_____. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Trans. from the 6th French edition by Frederick Wilson Truscott and Frederick Lincoln Emory. New York: Dover Publications, 1951.
_____. Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. 1825. Ed. and trans. Andrew I. Dale. New York: Springer, 1994.
Teira, David. "Probabilidad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 485-91.*
See also Statistics.
Proof
Alonso, Luis. "Prueba." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 497-501.*
Bentham J. Traité des Preuves Judiciaires. 2 vols. French ed. 1823.
Bernard, Claude. Introduction à l'étude de la médicine expérimentale. Paris, 1865.
_____. An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine. Trans. Henry C. Green. New York, 1949.
_____. Introducción al estudio de la medicina experimental. Trans. Antonio Espina y Capo. Introd. Pedro Laín Entralgo. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, 1996.*
Cockcroft, Robert. "Putting Aristotle to the Proof: Style, Substance and the EPL Group." Language and Literature 13.3 (2004): 195-215. (Ethos, Pathos, Logos; rhetorical proof).
Langbein, John. Torture and the Law of Proof. Chicago, 1977.
Locard, Edmond (Dr.). L'Enquête criminelle et les méthodes scientifiques. Paris: Flammarion, 1920.
Maus, Katharine Eisaman. "Proof and Consequences: Inwardness and Its Exposure in the English Renaissance." Representations 34 (1991): 29-52.
_____. "Proof and Consequences: Inwardness and Its Exposure in the English Renaissance." [Othello]. In Materialist Shakespeare. Ed. Ivo Kamps. London: Verso, 1995. 157-80.*
Freud, Sigmund. "Tatbestandsdiagnostik und Psychoanalyse." Arch. Krim. Anthrop. 26.1 (1906): 1-10.
_____. "El psicoanálisis y el diagnóstico de los hechos en los procedimientos judiciales." In Obras completas. Madrid: Orbis, 1988. 6.1277-83.
Popper, Karl R. Logik der Forschung. Wien: Springer, 1935.
_____. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Basic Books, 1949. 1959.
_____. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London, 1959.
_____. La lógica de la investigación científica. 1934. English ed. 1958. Trans. Víctor Sánchez de Zavala. Introd. José Manuel Sánchez Ron. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, 1997.*
Ricœur, Paul. "The Question of Proof in Freud's Psychoanalytic Writings." In Ricœur, Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action, and Interpretation. Ed. and trans. John B. Thompson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, 1981. 1998. 247-73.*
Schum, David A. "Probability and the Processes of Discovery, Proof, and Choice." Boston University Law Review 66.3-4 (1986).
_____. The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning. New York: Wiley, 1994.
Literature
Goldstein, Rebecca. 36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction. New York: Random House-Pantheon, 2010.
_____. 36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction. London: Atlantic Books, 2011.*
Video
Chaitin, Gregory, et al. "The Limitation of Mental and Physical Reality." Video panel discussion. YouTube (Philoctetes Center) 15 March 2011.*
2015
Properties
Audio
Bader, Ralf. "Coincidence and Supervenience." Lecture at the Aristotelian Society, 26 April 2021. Audio at the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.*
https://backdoorbroadcasting.net/2021/04/ralf-bader-coincidence-and-supervenience/
2021
Propositions
Aristóteles. Tópicos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 67-234.* (Dialectics, Propositions, Predication, Accidents, Contraries, Similarities, Genera, Proper, Definition, Identity, Argumentation).
_____. Analitica priora (Prior Analytics). (Reasoning, Propositions, Assertions, Modality, Logic, Syllogisms, Premises, Terms, Negation, Possibility, Necessity).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 337-489.* (Reasoning).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 335-486.*
_____. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*
_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.
Baron, Richard. Confidence in Claims. 2015. (1. Disciplines and Claims. 2. A Framework. 3. Relationships between Propositions. 4. Constraints on Claims. 5. Explanation. 6. Norms and Concepts. 7. Experiments and Sources. 8. Routes to Accounts. 9. Creators of Accounts).
_____. Confidence in Claims. Online at Academia.*
https://www.academia.edu/17275883/
2020
_____. Confidence in Claims. Online at Semantic Scholar.*
2020
Chapman, Siobhan. "Propositions and logic." In Chapman, Philosophy for Linguists: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 2000. 41-71.* (Frege, Strawson, presupposition, entailment).
Churchland, Paul M. "Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes." Journal of Philosophy 78 (1981): 67–90.
Corcoran, John. "Valor de verdad." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 627-30.*
Corral, Miranda del. "Analítico / Sintético." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 45-47.*
Crisp, Peter. "Metaphorical Propositions: A Rationale." Language and Literature 11.1 (Feb. 2002): 7-16.*
Donato, Xavier de. "Proposición." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 491-93.*
García Suárez, Alfonso. "Proposicionales, actitudes." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 494-97.*
Harnish, R. M. "Logical Form and Implicature." In An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability. Ed. T. G. Bever, J. J. Katz and D. T. Langendoen. New York: Crowell, 1976. 313-92.
Hobbes, Thomas. "III. La proposición." In Hobbes, El cuerpo: Primera sección de los Elementos de Filosofía. Ed. and trans. Bartomeu Forteza. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2010. 195-208.*
Katz, Jerrold J. Propositional Structure and Illocutionary Force. Brighton: Harvester, 1977.
Leibniz, G. W. Nouveaux Essais. (Perception, epistemology, substance, fallacies, truth, knowledge, judgment, Reason, propositions, God, reason, probability, error).
_____. Nuevos ensayos sobre el entendimiento humano. Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1977.
_____. Nuevos ensayos sobre el entendimiento humano. Ed. Javier Echeverría Ezponda. Addenda by Mary Sol de Mora. (El Libro de Bolsillo). Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1992. 2nd ed. 2021.* (I. Sobre las ideas innatas. II. Sobre las ideas. III. Sobre las palabras. IV. Sobre el conocimiento).
Locke, John. "IV.VI. Of Universal Propositions, their Truth and Certainty." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
_____. "IV.VIII. Of Trifling Propositions." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Quine, W. v. O. "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes." Journal of Philosophy 53 (1956).
Ramsey, F. P. "Facts and Propositions." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society supp. vol. 7 (1927). Rpt. in Truth. Ed. Pitcher. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall, 1964.
_____. "Facts and Propositions." Rpt. in Truth. Ed. P. Horwich. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.
_____. "Facts and Propositions." In Pursuit of Truth. Ed. W. V. O. Quine. Rev. ed. Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1992.
Russell, Bertrand. "On Propositions: What They Are and How They Mean." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 7 (1919): 1-43.
_____. Los principios de la matemática. Trans. José Barrio Gutiérrez. Introd. Jesús Mosterín. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores, 1997.*
Sperber, Dan, and Deirdre Wilson. "Inference." In Sperber and Wilson, Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. 65-117.* (Inference, propositions, deduction, context).
_____. "Aspects of Verbal Communication." In Sperber and Wilson, Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. 172-254.* (implicature, explicature, proposition, presupposition, meaning, metaphor, irony, speech acts).
Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "5. La negación en el razonamiento proposicional." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 67-82.*
_____. "6. Falacias en el razonamiento proposicional." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 83-96.*
Video
Jago, Mark. "What Truth Is." Video lecture. U of Edinburgh, 30 Jan. 2015. YouTube (Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh) 4 Feb. 2015.*
2015
Qualifiers
Bermejo, Lilian. "Modelo de Toulmin / Garantía / Respaldo / Reserva / Calificador." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 408-10.*
Quantifiers
Quine, W. v. O. "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes." Journal of Philosophy 53 (1956).
Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "10. El razonamiento con cuantificadores: El efecto atmósfera." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 175-88.*
_____. "12. Inferencias inmediatas con cuantificadores." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 21328.*
See also Quantifiers (English, Spanish…).
Questions
Olmos, Paula. "Cuestión." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 161-64.*
Rigour
Beardsley, P. L. Redefining Rigor: Ideology and Statistics in Political Inquiry. Beverly Hills (CA) and London, 1980.
Refutations
Aristotle (Aristóteles). Sobre las refutaciones sofísticas. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 235-90.* (Argumentation, Refutation, Sophistry, Paradoxes, Errors, Paralogisms, Fallacies).
_____. Posterior Analytics. (Demonstrations, Axioms, Principles, Facts, Causes, Negation, Propositions, Sensation, Reasoning, Logic, Refutation, Knowledge, Science, Opinion, Perspicacity, Definitions, Essence, Genera, Causes, Effects, Principles).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007.* 489-590.* (Argumentation, demonstrations, definitions).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos segundos. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 487-588.*
_____. Posterior Analytics. In Aristotle, Organon. Trans. H. Tredennick. (Loeb Classical Library 391). Cambridge (MA): Harvard UP, 1960.
Marafioti, Roberto. "Refutación." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 517-20.*
Popper, Karl R. Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. New York: Harper, 1963.
_____ Conjectures and Refutations. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963. 4th ed. 1972.
Adrián Bodanza, Gustavo. "Rebatible, argumento." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 511-13.*
Sameness
Hobbes, Thomas. "XI. Lo mismo y lo diverso." In Hobbes, El cuerpo: Primera sección de los Elementos de Filosofía. Ed. and trans. Bartomeu Forteza. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2010. 297-304.*
See also Identity; Otherness.
Sophisms
Vega, Luis. "Sofisma." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 564-66.*
Video
Bueno, Gustavo. "El dialelo antropológico." Video lecture. (Tesela 117). YouTube (fgbuenotv) 24 Feb. 2014.*
2016
See also Sophistry; Fallacies.
Sorites
Vásconez, Marcelo. "Sorites." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 569-72.*
Supervenience (Logical)
Johansson, Ingvar. "Hartmann's Nonreductive Materialism, Superimposition, and Supervenience." Axiomathes: An International Journal in Ontology and Cognitive Systems 12 (2001): 195-215. Kluwer. Electronic ed. in
http://hem.passagen.se/ijohansson/Superveniens2.htm
2005-04-09
Kim, J. Supervenience and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993.
_____. Supervenience. Dartmouth: Ashgate, 2002.
McLaughlin, Brian, and Karen Bennett. "Supervenience." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2011.*
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/supervenience/
2016
"Supervenience." Mulhauser Consulting Ltd.
http://www.mulhauser.net/research/tutorials/supervenience/
2005-03-31
Audio
Bader, Ralf. "Coincidence and Supervenience." Lecture at the Aristotelian Society, 26 April 2021. Audio at the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.*
https://backdoorbroadcasting.net/2021/04/ralf-bader-coincidence-and-supervenience/
2021
Syllogisms
Aristotle. Analitica priora (Prior Analytics). (Reasoning, Propositions, Assertions, Modality, Logic, Syllogisms, Premises, Terms, Negation, Possibility, Necessity).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introd., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. (Biblioteca Gredos). Barcelona: RBA, 2007. 337-489.* (Reasoning).
_____. (Aristóteles). Analíticos primeros. In Aristóteles, Tratados de lógica. Introds., trans. and notes by Miguel Candel Sanmartín. Barcelona: RBA, 2015. 335-486.*
Hobbes, Thomas. "IV. El silogismo." In Hobbes, El cuerpo: Primera sección de los Elementos de Filosofía. Ed. and trans. Bartomeu Forteza. Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2010. 209-20.*
Schopenhauer, Arthur. II.1.2.6. "Sobre la silogística." In Schopenhauer, El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación (Volumen Segundo). Barcelona: RBA Coleccionables, 2014. 121-32.*
Vega, Luis. "Silogismo." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 558-62.*
Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "11. La inferencia silogística." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 189-212.*
See also Logic; Reasoning; Entailment.
Tautologies
Gruber, Eberhard. "Du tautologique qui nous ente." In L'animal autobiographique: Autour de Jacques Derrida. Ed. Marie-Louise Mallet. Paris: Galilée / CNL, 1999. 137-60.*
Nepomuceno, Ángel. "Tautología." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 582-83.*
Rosset, Clément.. Le Démon de la tautologie, suivi de Cinq petites pièces morales. (Paradoxe). Paris: Minuit.
Truisms
Locke, John. "IV.VIII. Of Trifling Propositions." In Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Ed. John W. Yolton. 2 vols. London: Dent; New York: Dutton, 1961.*
Validity
Bermejo, Lilian. "Eficacia / Validez argumentativa." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 215-18.*
Nepomuceno, Ángel. "Validez." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 625-27.*
Variables
Pearl, Judea, and Dana Mackenzie. "4. Confounding and Deconfounding: Or, Slaying the Lurking Variable." In Pearl and Mackenzie, The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect. 2018. London: Penguin, 2019. 135-66.*
Verification
Berlin, Isaiah. "Verification." In Critical Theory since 1965. Ed.. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Tallahassee: UPs of Florida / Florida State UP, 1986. 1990. 698-709.*
Carrascal, Begoña. "Función veritativa." In Compendio de Lógica, Argumentación y Retórica. Ed. Luis Vega Reñón and Paula Olmos Gómez. Madrid: Trotta, 2011. 3rd ed. 2016. 261-65.*
Wason, P. C., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "15. La contrastación de una hipótesis: Prevención y estructura de error." In Wason and Johnson-Laird, Psicología del razonamiento. Madrid: Debate, 1981. 255-64.*
See also Truth; Experiments.
