Discapacitados

 

    from

A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology

http://bit.ly/abibliog

by José Ángel García Landa

(University of Zaragoza, Spain)

 

 

Disabilities –Disabled people

 

 

Barker, Dan. "Disabled People Were Secretly Given Do Not Resuscitate Orders, Scottish Covid-19 Inquiry Hears." Daily Mail 22 Nov. 2023. Online at X.*

         https://twitter.com/BohemianAtmosp1/status/1727501586572743139/photo/1

         2023

Blackford, Gary. Sex and Disability. Van Nostrand.

Braithwaite, D., and T. Thompson, eds. Handbook of Communication and People with Disability Research and Application. Mahwah (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000

Calleja Reina, Marina, ed. Analizando la comunicación y discapacidad intelectual desde un enfoque multidisciplinary. Ed. Marina Calleja Reina. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019.

Calleja Reina, M., E. Postigo Pinazo, and E. Gabau Vila, eds. Disability and Communication: Scientific Analysis, Total Communication, ICT Tools and Case Studies. Madrid: McGraw Hill, 2018.

Cook, Judith A., et al.  "Information Technology Attitudes and Behaviors among Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities Who Use the Internet: Results of a Web-Based Survey." Disability Studies Quarterly 25.2 (2005).

         http://www.dsq-sds.org/_articles_html/2005/spring/cook_etal.asp

         2005

Corker, Mairean, and Tom Shakespeare. Disability / Postmodernity: Embodying Disability Theory. London: Continuum, 2002.

Couser, G. Thomas. Recovering Bodies: Illness, Disability, and Life Writing.

Davidson, Michael. Concerto for the Left Hand: Disability and the Defamiliar Body.

Davis, Lennard J. From Enforcing Normalcy: Disability, Deafness and the Body (From "Visualizing the Disabled Body: The Classical Nude and the Fragmented Torso"). In The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. Ed. Vincent B. Leitch et al. New York: Norton, 2001.

Ferrier, Liz. "Vulnerable Bodies: Creative Disabilities in Contemporary Australian Film." In Australian Cinema in the 1990s. Ed. Ian Craven. London and Portland (OR): Frank Cass, 2001. Digital printing 2005. 57-78.*

García Landa, José Angel.  "Hinokio." In García Landa, Aggelos: Mi enviado—Blog de notas de José Ángel García Landa (septiembre-diciembre de 2005) 8 Oct. 2005.*

         http://www.unizar.es/departamentos/filologia_inglesa/garciala/z05-3.html

         2012 DISCONTINUED 2018 Online at the Internet Archive.*

         https://web.archive.org/web/20181005040830/http://www.unizar.es/departamentos/filologia_inglesa/garciala/z05-3.html

         2020

         https://www.flickr.com/photos/garciala/39910765843/in/dateposted-public/

         2020

_____. "Hinokio." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 9 Oct. 2005.*

         https://garciala.blogia.com/2005/100902-hinokio.php

         2025

_____. "Hinokio." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 9 Oct. 2025.*

         https://blogdenotasvanityfea.blogspot.com/2025/10/retropost-2005-hinokio.html

         2025

         https://x.com/JoseAngelGLanda/status/1976608461921128830

         2025

_____. "El Gobierno quiere cerrar los colegios para niños con discapacidad intelectual." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 28 April 2020.*

         https://vanityfea.blogspot.com/2020/04/el-gobierno-quiere-cerrar-los-colegios.html

         2020

_____. "Homosexuales discapacitados." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 30 Nov. 2022.*

         https://vanityfea.blogspot.com/2022/11/homosexuales-discapacitados.html

         2022

Goffman, Erving. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall, 1963.

_____. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster-Touchstone, 1986.*

_____. Estigma: la identidad deteriorada. Buenos Aires : Amorrortu, 1980.

_____. Estigma: La identidad deteriorada. (Biblioteca de Sociología). 1st ed., 4th rpt. Aires : Amorrortu, 1989.

Goggin, Gerard, and Chrisopher Newell. "Crippling Paralympics? Media, Disability and Olympism." Media International Australia 97 (2000): 71-84.

_____. Digital Disability: The Social Construction of Disability in New Media. Lanham (MD): Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.

_____. "Uniting the Nation? Disability, Stem Cells, and the Australian Media." Disability & Society 19.1 (2004): 47-60.

_____, eds. "Technology and Disability." Special double issue of Disability Studies Quarterly 25.2 & 3 (2005).

         http://www.dsq-sds.org/_articles_html/2005/spring

         2005

Goggin, Gerard, and Tim Noonan. "Blogging Disability: The Interface between New Cultural Movements and Internet Technology." In Uses of Blogs. Ed. Axel Bruns and Joanne Jacobs. New York: Peter Lang, 2006. 161-72.*

Hallahan, Lorna. "Down the Rabbit Hole: Reflections on Thirteen Narratives of Living with the 'Disabled' Label." Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 3.3 (Winter 2013): 229-34. Online at ProQuest.*

         https://search.proquest.com/docview/1473652856

         2019

Haller, Beth. "If They Limp, they Lead: News Representations and the Hierarchy of Disability Images." In Handbook of Communication and People with Disability Research and Application. Ed. D. Braithwaite and T. Thompson. Mahwah (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000

Herrero Puertas, Manuel. "'Pioneers for the Mind': Embodiment, Disability, and the De-hallucination of American Empire." Atlantis 34.1 (June 2012): 27-45. (Irving,  "Legend of Sleepy Hollow").

Huang, Jin, and Guo Baorong. "Building Social Capital: A Study of the Online Disability Community." Disability Studies Quarterly 25.2 (2005).

         http://www.dsq-sds.org/_articles_html/2005/spring/huang_guo.asp

         2005

Kristeva, Julia. Lettre ouverte au président de la République sur les citoyens en situation de handicap, à l'usage de ceux qui le sont et ceux qui ne le sont pas. 2003.

Mars-Jones, Adam. "Cinematically Challenged." In Mars-Jones, Blind Bitter Happiness. London: Chatto and Windus, 1997. 157-95.* (The disabled in film).

Montañés, Érika. "La asistencia sexual en la discapacidad: 'No es sólo sexo, muchas veces bastan caricias y cariño'." ABC 15 Feb. 2020.*

         https://www.abc.es/sociedad/abci-asistencia-sexual-discapacidad-no-solo-sexo-muchas-veces-basta-caricias-y-carino-202002142156_noticia.html

         2020

Mooney, T., et al. Sexual Options for Paraplegics and Quadriplegics. Little, Brown, 1975.

Quayson, Ato. "Looking Awry: Tropes of Disability in Post-Colonial Writing." In An Introduction to Contemporary Fiction: International Writing in English since 1970. Ed. Rod Mengham. Cambridge: Polity; Oxford and Malden (MA): Blackwell, 1999. 53-68.*

Ramos Ramos, P., and S. Astruells Moreno. "'Música para concienciar, música para disfrutar': Tratar la discapacidad en el aula de secundaria." Contextos Educativos, extraordinario 1 (2016): 137-48.*

Sacks, Oliver. Awakenings. Rev. ed. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1983.

Sandhal and Auslander, eds. Bodies in Commotion: Performance and Disability.

Savarese, Ralph James, and Lisa Zunshine. "The Critic as Neurocosmopolite: Or, What Cognitive Approaches to Literature Can Learn from Disability Studies: Lisa Zunshine in Conversation with Ralph James Savarese." Narrative 22.1 (2014): 17-44.*

Stella, Gian Antonio. Distintos: La larga lucha de los discapacitados prar cambiar la historia.

Stienstra, Deborah, and Lindsey Troschuk. "Engaging Citizens with Disabilities in eDemocracy." Disability Studies Quarterly 25.2 (2005).

         http://www.dsq-sds.org/_articles_html/2005/spring/stienstra_troschuk.asp

         2005

 

 

 

 

Blogs

 

 

ACB Radio

         http://www.acbradio.org

         2005

 

Becky's Journal: The Ordinary Life of a Not-So Ordinary Girl

         http://www.dalqe.com

         2005

 

Michael Berubé

         http://michaelberube.com

         2005

 

Blind Insight Blog.

         http://blindinsight.blogs.com

         2005

 

Brokenclay: The Art of Intermittent Disability. Blog (Katja Stokley).

         http://brokenclay.org/journal/

         2005

 

Crazy Deaf Joe Blog

         http://www.crazydeafjoe.com

         2005

 

Disability Is an Art.

         http://disabillityisanart.blogspot.com

         2005

 

Disability Law.

         http://disabilitylaw.blogspot.com

         2005

 

Disability Law Blog. (J. Kevin Morton).

         http://jkm.typepad.com

         2005

 

Disability Studies. (Temple U).

         http://disstud.blogspot.com

         2005

 

General Observations Using Disability Studies. Blog.

         http://goudisabilitystudies.blogspot.com

         2005

 

The Gimp Parade

         http://thegimpparade.blogspot.com

         2005

 

A Gimp's Life.

         http://journals.aol.com/brucer5150/AgimpsLife/

         2005

 

Greg Walloch Blog

         http://Gregwallochblog.blogspot.com

         2005

 

Jeff Bishop

         http://jeffbishop.blogspot.com

         2005

 

Lisy Babe's Blog. (Lisa Egan). (2003-2015)

         http://lisybabe.blogspot.com

         2005

 

The Mosen Explosion. Disability blog.

         http://www.mosenexplosion.com

         2005

 

museumfreak

         http://www.livejournal.com/users/museumfreak

         2005

 

My Thoughts on Social and Scientific Issues. Blog. (Gregor Wolbring).

         http://wolbing.blogspot.com

         2005

 

Ouch!

         http://www.bbc.co.uk/ouch/

         2005

 

Photoethnography. Blog. (Karen Nakamura).

         http://www.photoethnography.com/blog

         2005

 

Ragged Edge

         http://www.raggededgemagazine.com

         2005

 

Rolling Rains Report: Precipitating Dialogue on Travel, Disability, and Universal Design. (Scott Rains).

         http://www.rollingrains.com

         2005

 

Schizophrenia Blog: My Life's Adventure

         http://www.schizophrenia.com/journey  

         2005

 

Teleread

         http://www.teleread.org

         2005

 

White Stick

         http://www.whitestick.co.uk

         2005

 

 

 

 

 

Films

 

 

Go Now. Dir. Michael Winterbottom. Script by Jimmy McGovern. With Robert Carlyle. 1995. (Europe Prize). (On multiple sclerosis).

My Left Foot. With Daniel Day-Lewis.

 

 

 

 

Internet resources

 

 

Tim Noonan. Website.

         http://www.timnoonan.com.au

2005

 

SID (Servicio de información sobre Discapacidad) (Universidad de Salamanca)

         https://sid-inico.usal.es/

         2021

 

 

 

 

 

Journals

 

 

Disability & Society 19 (2004).

 

Disability Studies Quarterly

Vol. 25.2 (2005).

http://www.dsq-sds.org/

2005

 

 

 

 

 

Literature

 

 

Cauwelaert, Didier van. La Demi-pensionnaire. Novel. (Le Livre de Poche). Paris: Albin Michel, 1999.*

Mairs, Nancy. Remembering the Bone House: An Erotics of Place and Space. Harper and Row 1988.

_____.Waist High to the World: A Life among the Non-Disabled.

Owen, Wilfred."Disabled." Poem. 1917-18, pub. 1920. In The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. Ed. M. H. Abrams, with Stephen Greenblatt et al. New York: Norton, 1999. 2.2071-72.*

 

 

 

Music

 

 

Escrito con música: Año Europeo de la Discapacidad. CD. Madrid: ONCE, 2003.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Video

 

 

García Isac, Javier. "El discapacitado como excusa de un aberrante cambio constitucional." Video. (En la Boca del Lobo). YouTube (Estado de Alarma Oficial) 19 Jan. 2024.*

https://www.youtube.com/live/fCb747rmFXY

         2024

 

 

 

 

See also Blindness; Deafness; Paralysis; Disfigurement; Amputation; Stigma.

 

 

 

 

Ciegos y ceguera

 

    from

A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology

http://bit.ly/abibliog

by José Ángel García Landa

(University of Zaragoza, Spain)

 

 

 

Blindness (Visual); the Blind

 

 

Armengol, Josep M. "Race Relations in Black and White: Visual Impairment as a Racialized and Gendered Metaphor in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and Herman Melville's 'Benito Cereno'." Atlantis 39.2 (Dec. 2017): 29-46.*

Berkeley, George. An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision. 2nd ed. Dublin: Aaron Rhames, for Jeremy Pepyat, 1709. Online at Google Books:

         http://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=1o85AAAAcAAJ&oi=fnd

         2011

_____. An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision. 1709. In A New Theory of Vision and other Writings. Ed. A. Lindsay. (Everyman). London: Dent, 1938.

Borges, Jorge Luis. "La ceguera." In Borges, Siete noches. In Obras Completas II. Barcelona: RBA / Instituto Cervantes, 2005. 276-86.*

Celesia, G. G., D. Bushnell, S. Cone-Toleikis, and M. G. Brigell. "Cortical Blindness and Residual Vision: Is the Second Visual System in Humans Capable of More than Rudimentary Visual Perception?" Neurology 41 (1991): 862–69.

Collins M. Colour-Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co, 1925.

Derrida, Jacques. Mémoires d'aveugle. L'autoportrait et autres ruines. Paris: Ed. Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1990.

Diderot, Denis. Lettre sur les aveugles à l'usage de ceux qui voient. 1749.

_____. Lettre sur les aveugles. In Diderot,  Pensées philosophiques. Lettre sur les aveugles. Suite de l'Apologie de l'abbé de Prades. (Les Classiques du Peuple: Diderot – Œuvres Choisies, 1). Paris: Editions Sociales, c. 1962.

_____. Lettre sur les aveugles. In Diderot, Œuvres complètes. Introd. Roger Lewinter. Paris, 1970. Vol. 2.

_____. Lettre sur les aveugles. In Diderot, Pensées philosophiques. Additions aux pensées philosophiques. Lettre sur les aveugles. Additions à la Lettre sur les aveugles. Supplément au voyage de Bougainville. Ed. Antoine Adam. Paris: Garnier-Flammarion, 1972. (GF 252). 1995.*

_____. Carta sobre los ciegos para uso de los que ven. Trans., introd. and notes by Angel J. Cappelletti. (Biblioteca del Pensamiento Filosófico). Madrid: Las Ediciones de La Piqueta, 1978.*

Fulcher, J. S. "'Voluntary' Facial Expression in Blind and Seeing Children." Archives of Psychology 272.38 (1942): 1-49.

Fraiberg, Selma. Insights from the Blind: Comparative Studies of Blind and Sighted Infants. New York: Basic Books, 1977.

García Landa, José Angel. "Viendo el mundo con la mente." In García Landa, Vanity Fea 25 June 2011.*

         http://vanityfea.blogspot.com/2011/06/viendo-el-mundo-con-la-mente.html

         2011

Godenough, F. L. "Expressions of the Emotions in a Blind-Deaf Child." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 7 (1932): 328-33.

Held, Richard, et al. "The Newly Sighted Fail to Match Seen with Felt." Nature Neuroscience 14 (2011): 551-3.*

         https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2795

         2024

Jiménez Hurtado, Catalina. Traducción y accesibilidad: Subtitulación para sordos y audodescripción para ciegos: nuevas modalidades de Traducción Audiovisual. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2007.*

Keller, Helen. The World I Live In. New York: Century, 1908.

_____. The Story of My Life. 1902. New York: Dell, 1974.

_____. The Story of My Life. New York: New American Library, 1988.

Kleege, Georgina. Sight Unseen. London: Yale UP, 1999. (Blindness).

Malti-Douglas, Fedwa. Blindness and Autobiography. 1988.

Paulson, William. Enlightenment, Romanticism and the Blind in France. Princeton UP, 1987.

Thompson, J. "Development of Facial Expression of Emotion in Blind and Seeing Children." Archives of Psychology 264.37 (1940): 1-47.

 

 

 

 

Audio

 

 

Hull, John. Notes on Blindness. Film version by Peter Middleton and James Spinney. New York Times 16 Jan. 2014.*

         http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/01/16/opinion/16OpDoc-NotesOnBlindness.html

         2014

 

 

 

 

 

Blogs

 

 

Blind Insight Blog.

         http://blindinsight.blogs.com

         2005

 

Teleread

         http://www.teleread.org

         2005

 

White Stick

         http://www.whitestick.co.uk

         2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

Films

 

 

Blindness. Dir. Fernando Meirelles. Screenplay by Don McKellar, based on the novel by José Saramago Ensayo sobre la ceguera. Cast: Julianne Moore, Mark Ruffalo, Alice Braga, Yusuke Iseya, Yoshino Kimura, Don McKellar, Danny Glover, Gael García Bernal. Music by Marco Antônio Guimarâes. Cinemat. César Charlone. Prod. des. Matthew Davies, Tulé Peak. Art dir. Joshu de Cartier.  Ed. Daniel Rezende. Exec. prod. Simon Channing Williams, Gail Egan, Akira Ishii, Victor Lowwy, Tom Yoda. Prod. Andrea Barata Ribeiro, Niv Finchman, Sonoko Sakai.  Brazil, Canada, Japan, 2008. (Spanish title: A ciegas).*

Hacia la luz. Dir. Naomi Kawase. Cast: Masatoshi Nagase, Ayame Misaki, Tatsuya Fuji, Kazuko Shirakawa, Mantarô Koichi, Noémie Nakai, Chihiro Ohtsuka, Saori, Nobumitsu Ônishi. France and Japan, 2017.

 

 

 

 

 

Literature

 

 

Beckett, Samuel. All that Fall. Radio play in English. London: Faber and Faber, 1957.

_____. All that Fall. In Beckett, Krapp's Last Tape and Other Dramatic Pieces.

_____. All that Fall. In Beckett, Collected Shorter Plays 9-40.

_____. All that Fall. In Beckett, The Complete Dramatic Works 169-200.

_____. All That Fall (1957). (BBC – The Original Broadcasts – British Library – 2006). YouTube (celestialrailroad) 20 Feb. 2012.*

         http://youtu.be/BY22jmHAS5E

         2015

_____. Tous ceux qui tombent. French translation by Beckett and Robert Pinget. Paris: Minuit, 1957.

_____. Los que caen. Trans. Francisco Romá. In Beckett, Pavesas 19-50.

Behn, Aphra. The Unfortunate Bride, or: The Blind Lady a Beauty. 1698.

Benedetti, Mario. "Los pocillos." Short story. In Benedetti, Montevideanos. 1959.

_____. "Los pocillos." Online at literatura.us

         http://www.literatura.us/benedetti/pocillos.html

         2011

Borden, Mary. "Blind." In The Penguin Book of First World War Stories. Ed. Barbara Korte with Marie Einhaus. (Penguin Classics). London: Penguin, 2007. 65-76.*

Borges, Jorge Luis. La rosa profunda. Poems. 1975. ("El ciego").

_____. Los conjurados. Poetry and notes. 1985. ("On his Blindness").

_____. Los conjurados. In Borges, Obras completas. Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores. Vol. 4.

_____. Los conjurados. In Borges, Obras Completas II. Barcelona: RBA / Instituto Cervantes, 2005. 449-98.*

Buero Vallejo, Antonio. En la ardiente oscuridad. Drama. 1950.

Gide, André. La Symphonie Pastorale. Novel. 1919.

_____. La Symphonie Pastorale. Novel. (NRF).

_____. La Symphonie Pastorale. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963.

_____. La Symphonie Pastorale and Isabelle. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

_____. La sinfonía pastoral. 1919. Trans. José A. Zapatero. Menoscuarto Ediciones, 2022.

Kipling, Rudyard. The Light that Failed.

Korolenko, Vladimir. El músico ciego. Madrid: Alianza.

Lucas, Olga. Cuentos para ciegos. I.E.M.

Milton, John. "On his Blindness." In The Poetical Works of John Milton. London: Bliss Sands & Co., n.d. [c. 1898] 360.*

_____. "Sonnet XVI ('When I consider how my light is spent')." From Miscellaneous Poems. 1673. In The Poems of John Milton. Ed. H. Darbishire. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1961. 85.*

_____. "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent." c. 1652, pub. 1673. In The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M. H. Abrams, Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: Norton, 1999. 1814.*

_____. "Sonnet 19: When I consider how my light is spent." Poetry Foundation.*

         https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poems/detail/44750

         2017

_____. "Sonnet 19: When I consider how my light is spent." Online at The John Milton Reading Room. 1997-2020.*

         https://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/sonnets/sonnet_19/text.shtml

         2020 DISCONTINUED 2021

         https://milton.host.dartmouth.edu/reading_room/sonnets/sonnet_19/text.shtml

         2021

_____. "Cyriack, this three years day these eys, though clear." Sonnet. 1st pub. in Phillips' Life of Milton. 1694.

_____. "Sonnet XIX ('Methought I saw my late espoused Saint')." 1658, pub. in Miscellaneous Poems. 1673. In The Poems of John Milton. Ed. H. Darbishire. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1961. 86.*

_____. "Methought I Saw My Late Espousèd Saint." In The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M. H. Abrams, Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: Norton, 1999. 1815.*

_____. "Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint." Online at Milton Reading Room.*

         https://milton.host.dartmouth.edu/reading_room/sonnets/sonnet_23/text.shtml

         2021

_____. Samson Agonistes.

Nabokov, Vladimir. Kamera obskura. Novel. Berlin: Sovremennye Zapiski, 1932.

_____. Camera Obscura. (= Laughter in the Dark). Trans. Winifred Roy. London: John Long, 1936.

_____. Laughter in the Dark. Trans. and rev. Vladimir Nabokov. Indianapolis and New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1938. Trans. of Kamera obskura.

_____. Laughter in the Dark. New York: New Directions, 1960.

_____. Laughter in the Dark. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963.* 1969.

_____. Laughter in the Dark. New York: Random House-Vintage International [c. 1989?].

_____. Chambre obscure. Novel. Paris: Grasset, 1934, 1959.

_____. Rire dans la nuit. New ed. Paris: Grasset, 1992.

_____. Risa en la oscuridad. Trans. Antonio Samons. (Colección Reno, 370). Barcelona: Ediciones G.P., 1971.*

Oates, Joyce Carol. "Blind." Short story. In Oates, Haunted: Tales of the Grotesque. 1994. New York: Penguin-Plume, 1995. 232-46.*

Pritchett, V. S. "Blind Love." In The Oxford Book of English Love Stories. Ed. John Sutherland. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997. 311-50.*

Saramago, José.  Ensaio sobre a Cegueira. Novel. 1995.

_____. Blindness. English trans. 1997.

_____. Ensayo sobre la ceguera. Trans. Basilio Losada. Madrid: Santillana-Alfaguara, 1996.*

Wells, H. G. "El país de los ciegos." Trans. María del Pilar Romero del Río. Hermeneus 3 (2001): 343-68.*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Music

 

 

Schubert, Franz. Der blinde Knabe, D 833. Lied.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paintings

 

 

Brueghel, Pieter. The Parable of the Blind.

 

 

 

 

Societies and Institutions

 

 

American Foundation for the Blind.

         http://www.afb.org/

         2005

 

 

 

 

 

Video

 

 

Rogers, John. "12. The Blind Prophet." (Milton). YouTube (Yale Courses) 21 Nov. 2008.*

         https://youtu.be/zFwh5WecOiM

         2017